Sedimentary Architecture and Dynamic Stratigraphy of a Marine Ice-Contact System

Lønne, Ida; Nemec, Wojciech; Blikra, Lars Harald; Lauritsen, T.

doi:10.1306/030901710922

Cited by 67 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This cross-sectional geometry, with a virtually horizontal shoreline or shelf edge trajectory through time, is characteristic of continental margin successions formed under forced regression during the early stages of relative sea-level drawdown. Geometrically, these clinoform sets resemble those interpreted as "subglacial deltas" by Anderson and Bartek (1992) elsewhere in the Ross Sea region, and the various terminoglacial delta and fan systems described by Lønne (1995Lønne ( , 2001, among others. In the case of the red-turquoise interval clinoforms, however, there is no direct evidence of glacial influence on their formation.…”

Section: Section From Red To Turquoisesupporting

confidence: 70%

Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history

Fielding¹,

Whittaker²,

Henrys³

et al. 2007

Open-File Report

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Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences CommonsThis Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska -Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska -Lincoln.Fielding, Christopher R.; Whittaker, Joanne; Henrys, Stuart A.; Wilson, Terry J.; and Naish, Timothy R., "Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history" (2008 AbstractIntegration of data from fully cored stratigraphic holes with an extensive grid of seismic reflection lines in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, has allowed the formulation of a new model for the evolution of the Cenozoic Victoria Land Basin of the West Antarctic Rift. The Early Rift phase (Eocene to Early Oligocene) is recorded by wedges of strata confined by early extensional faults, and which contain seismic facies consistent with drainage via coarse-grained fans and deltas into discrete, actively subsiding grabens and half-grabens. The Main Rift phase (Early Oligocene to Early Miocene) is represented by a lens of strata that thickens symmetrically from the basin margins into a central depocenter, and in which stratal events pass continuously over the top of the Early Rift extensional topography. Internal seismic facies and lithofacies indicate a more organized, cyclical shallow marine succession, influenced increasingly upward by cycles of glacial advance and retreat into the basin. The Passive Thermal Subsidence phase (Early Middle Miocene) is recorded by an evenly distributed sheet of strata that thickens somewhat into the depocenter but is continuous across and over the earlier rift strata to the margins of the basin. Internally, it contains similar facies to the underlying Main Rift, but preserves more evidence for clinoform sets and large channels, and in core comprises many short, condensed and strongly top-truncated stratal cycles with continued, periodic glacial influence. These patterns are interpreted to record accumulation under similar environmental conditions but in a regime of slower subsidence. The Renewed Rifting phase (Middle Miocene to Recent, largely unsampled by coring thus far) is represented by intervals that thicken significantly into the basin depocenter and that are complicated by evidence of magmatic activity (McMurdo Volcanic Group). This succession is further divided into lower and upper intervals, separated by a major unconformity that displays increasing angular discordance towards the western basin margin and Transantarctic Mountain Front. The youngest part of the stratigraphy was accumulated under the influence of flexural loading imposed by the construction of large volcanic edifices, and was formed in an environment in which little sediment was supplied from the western basin margin, su...

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Section: Section From Red To Turquoisesupporting

confidence: 70%

Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history

Fielding¹,

Whittaker²,

Henrys³

et al. 2007

Open-File Report

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“…It is uncertain whether the sandstone wedge was deposited on a large submarine outwash related to a marine ice front or as part of a fan delta system related to an ice front terminating on land. In either case, its scale exceeds comparable depositional systems in the literature (Powell, 1990;Lønne, 1995;Lønne et al, 2001) by one to two orders of magnitude. The size and thickness of the sand wedge suggests that the ice-sheet retreat occurred in the study area much more slowly than for sequences 1-3.…”

Section: The Middle Glaciated Shelf: Western Libyamentioning

confidence: 79%

The Late Ordovician Glacial Sedimentary System of the North Gondwana Platform

Ghienne

Heron

Moreau

et al. 2007

Glacial Sedimentary Processes and Products

133

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The Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) glaciation is examined through the North Gondwana record. This domain extended from southern high palaeo-latitudes (southeastern Mauritania, Niger) to northern lower palaeo-latitudes (Morocco, Turkey) and covered a more than 4000 km-wide section perpendicular to ice-flow lines. A major mid-Hirnantian deglaciation event subdividing the Hirnantian glaciation in two first-order cycles is recognised. As best illustrated by the glacial record in western Libya, each cycle comprises 2-3 glacial phases separated by ice-front retreats several hundreds kilometres to the south. From ice-proximal to ice-distal regions, the number of glacial surfaces differentiates (i) a continental interior with post-glacial reworking of the glacial surfaces), (ii) a glaciated continental shelf that is subdivided into inner (1-2 surfaces), middle (2-5 surfaces) and outer (a single surface related to the glacial maximum) glaciated shelves, and (iii) the non-glaciated shelf. Ice-stream-generated glacial troughs, 50-200 km in width, cross-cut these domains. These troughs are zones of preferential glacial erosion and subsequent sediment accumulation. A glacial depositional sequence, bounded by two glacial erosion surfaces, records one glacial phase. The position either within or outside a glacial trough controls the stratigraphic architecture of a glacial sequence. Glaciomarine outwash diamictites are developed at or near the maximum position of the ice-front. During ice-sheet recession, and in an ice-stream-generated trough, a relatively thin sediment cover blankets the foredeepened erosion surface. An initial rapid ice-sheet withdrawal is inferred. Marine-terminating ice fronts then evolve later into more slowly retreating, land-terminating ice fronts. In adjacent inter-stream areas where a more gradual ice-sheet recession occurred, fluvioglacial deposits prevailed. The progradation of a delta-shelf system, coeval with fluvial aggradation, that may be locally interrupted by a period of isostatic rebound, characterises the late glacial retreat to interglacial conditions. This model should facilitate the sequence stratigraphic interpretation of Late Ordovician glacial deposits and other ancient glacial successions.

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“…Presence of features diagnostic of deposition under glacial regime suggests that final deposition of the sediments under the influence of gravity were probably intricately related with glacial processes. It is thus inferred that facies association-1 was deposited as glacigenic subaqueous fans that are variously termed ice-contact or grounding-line fan deltas or till deltas (figure 10; Alley et al 1987Alley et al , 1989Eyles et al 1989;Powell 1990;Eyles and Eyles 1992;Lonne 1995;Laberg and Vorren 2000;Lonne et al 2001;Lajeunesse and Allard 2002;Lonne and Nemec 2004). Piles of sediments dumped by glaciers at the grounding line were resedimented into the subaquatic realm due to gravity failure (Russel and Arnott 2003).…”

Section: 1e Summary Of Facies Association-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of sedimentation during the Late Paleozoic, Gondwanaland glaciation: An example from the Talchir Formation, Satpura Gondwana basin, central India

Chakraborty

Ghosh

2008

J Earth Syst Sci

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The Talchir Formation of Permian age is the lowermost lithostratigraphic unit of the Indian Gondwana successions preserving a record of the Late Paleozoic glaciation that affected the whole Gondwanaland. The formation unconformably overlies the Precambrian basement in all the Gondwana basins of India, and marks initiation of sedimentation after a long hiatus since the Proterozoic. The Talchir Formation of the Satpura Gondwana basin of central India shows features diagnostic of deposition under glacial regime such as the presence of diamictites, boulder pavements, bedding plane striation, faceted/striated gravels, bullet-shaped clasts, dropstone, cryoturbation, etc. The Talchir strata of the Satpura basin, in addition to tidal signatures, contain marine bivalve and trace fossils. A proglacial marine environment is thus inferred for their deposition. The dominant lithologies are conglomerate, pebbly sandstone, sandstone and shale with little limestone, which can be classified into the following major facies:• matrix-supported conglomerate, • clast-supported conglomerate, • cross-stratified, channel form pebbly sandstone, • hummocky, swaley or low-angle cross-stratified pebbly and non-pebbly sandstone, • turbidite/tempestite sheet sandstone, • massive to fissile, green to black claystone with carbonate layers and nodules.The conglomerates are interpreted as deposits of a spectrum of sub-aqueous sediment gravity flows including debris flow, hyperconcentrated/concentrated density flow and grain flow. The crossstratified pebbly sandstone bodies, on the other hand, represent braidplain delta deposits of glacial outwash origin. Hummocky, swaley, low-angle cross-stratified sediment bodies were deposited by storm-generated combined flows in a shoreface setting. In contrast, the sheet sandstone bodies are products of turbidity currents and storm-induced density currents in an inner shelf setting below fair weather wave base. The claystone facies is interpreted as a product of suspension fallout from hypopycnal sediment plumes in the outer shelf domain below storm wave base. All the lithofacies described above occur repetitively in the succession. Three facies-associations have been recognized in the Talchir Formation, representing ice-contact fandelta, outwash braidplain delta and a virtually ice-free, non-deltaic open marine realm. The different marine facies of the Talchir Formation define a number of shallowing-upward packages, which are arranged in the succession with a retrogradational trend to result in an overall fining-and deepening-upward succession. The overlying coal-bearing Barakar Formation has been interpreted to have formed in a tide-wave influenced deltaic setting with a marine, prodeltaic part. The strata that are transitional between Talchir and Barakar Formations show preservation of abundant plant materials suggesting gradual warming. The three facies-associations of the Talchir Formation also point towards progressive decrease in the intensity of glacial activity, inducing changes in the paleogeography ...

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Sedimentary Architecture and Dynamic Stratigraphy of a Marine Ice-Contact System

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history

Seismic facies and stratigraphy of the Cenozoic succession in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica: Implications for tectonic, climatic and glacial history

The Late Ordovician Glacial Sedimentary System of the North Gondwana Platform

Pattern of sedimentation during the Late Paleozoic, Gondwanaland glaciation: An example from the Talchir Formation, Satpura Gondwana basin, central India

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