2011
DOI: 10.1007/s12594-011-0098-0
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Sedimentary Facies and Soft-sediment Deformation Structures in the Late Miocene-Pliocene Middle Siwalik Subgroup, Eastern Himalaya, Darjiling District, India

Abstract: The Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt has propagated from its Tibetan hinterland to the southern foreland since ∼55 Ma. The Siwalik sediments (∼20 -2 Ma) were deposited in the frontal Himalayan foreland basin and subsequently became part of the thrust belt since ∼ 12 Ma. Restoration of the deformed section of the Middle Siwalik sequence reveals that the sequence is ∼325 m thick. Sedimentary facies analysis of the Middle Siwalik rocks points to the deposition of the Middle Siwalik sediments in an alluvial fan setu… Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…The sedimentological study of more than a kilometre-thick Siwalik succession exposed in the Gish River and Ramthi River sections of the Darjeeling foothills provides new insight on its depositional facies. Contrary to the existing alluvial fan -braided river depositional model (Banerjee and Banerjee, 1982;Kundu et al, 2011Kundu et al, , 2012Mandal et al, 2014), our facies analysis indicates that a large part of the studied succession was deposited under waveinfluenced marine environment. Based on the data presented earlier, we conclude the following:…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
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“…The sedimentological study of more than a kilometre-thick Siwalik succession exposed in the Gish River and Ramthi River sections of the Darjeeling foothills provides new insight on its depositional facies. Contrary to the existing alluvial fan -braided river depositional model (Banerjee and Banerjee, 1982;Kundu et al, 2011Kundu et al, , 2012Mandal et al, 2014), our facies analysis indicates that a large part of the studied succession was deposited under waveinfluenced marine environment. Based on the data presented earlier, we conclude the following:…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…The sedimentological study of more than a kilometre‐thick Siwalik succession exposed in the Gish River and Ramthi River sections of the Darjeeling foothills provides new insight on its depositional facies. Contrary to the existing alluvial fan ‐ braided river depositional model (Banerjee and Banerjee, ; Kundu et al ., , ; Mandal et al ., ), our facies analysis indicates that a large part of the studied succession was deposited under wave‐influenced marine environment. Based on the data presented earlier, we conclude the following: The abundant occurrence of wave‐generated structures and trace fossils like Rhizocorallium , Rosselia, Chondrites, and Zoophycos collectively attest to the marine depositional regime of the studied Siwalik succession; this is consistent with the complex, polymodal palaeocurrent pattern with significant mode to the northern quadrants. Based on the facies attributes and their preferred occurrences, the succession has been divided into seven facies associations that represent different sub‐environments of a river‐dominated delta succession. The lower 550 m of the studied succession is dominated by sandy delta front, delta mouth and delta plain environments (FA3, 4 and 5, respectively).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The Middle Siwalik rocks are deformed by several north dipping imbricate thrusts (Mukul 2000 and references therein; Kundu et al 2011Kundu et al , 2012. The present area of study is within the frontal-most part of the Tista Half Window (Fig.…”
Section: Daling Groupmentioning
confidence: 92%