Seed dormancy and germination of Shaggy soldier (Galinsoga ciliata Blake.) and Common lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.)

Abstract

Laboratory experiments were carried out with seeds of Galinsoga ciliata and Chenopodium album in 1998, 2000 and 2001. The study involved germination of non-dormant seeds in the light and the dark at 5-30°C, the germination energy at 15, 24, and 33°C, and the primary dormancy of seeds matured during the period from July to October. Both weeds germinated better in the light compared to the dark. Seeds of G. ciliata germinated at 10-33°C. Germination exceeding 85% was recorded at 12-28°C. Ch. album germinated in a wider temperature interval (5-33°C). Maximum germination (75%) was obtained at 18°C. A very high germination energy of G. ciliata seeds was found at 24°C. At this temperature, 89% of seeds germinated during the second and third day of the germination test. Seeds of Ch. album had a low germination energy at 15 and 24°C. The germination energy was high only at 33°C, however, the total germination reached at this temperature was only 26.5%. Both G. ciliata and Ch. album formed primary dormant seeds during all three testing years. The length of primary dormancy varied from 10 to 100 days depending on the date of ripening and on the year. The longest primary dormancy was found with early ripened seeds (July and August).

The effect of the shape of gaps on microenvironmental conditions and seedling recruitment in Molinietum caeruleae meadows

“…The observed greater recruitment of seedlings of Galinsoga sp. in circular gaps with considerable light intensity corresponds to the findings of other authors [56][57][58] who documented that seeds of Galinsoga ciliata and G. parviflora are positively photoblastic. Additionally, the substantial recruitment of Cirsium arvense, Tussilago farfara, Chenopodium album, Lysimachia vulgaris, Betula pendula and Sonchus arvensis in round gaps might be due to partial or absolute requirements of light for initiating and completing the germination process [59].…”

The effect of humic substances on germination and early growth of Lamb’s Quarters (Chenopodium album agg.)

“…This negative influence on C. album seedlings growth can be interpreted similarly to the negative influence on germination. Moreover, C. album is a lightdemanding species (Jursík et al 2003;Tang et al 2008) growing in the open landscape. This species is probably adapted to different soil parameters than coniferous forest can provide.…”

“…Its seeds are dormant and their germination is gradual (Baskin & Baskin 1977;Grime et al 1981). The optimum condition for useful germination of C. album is low temperature storage and light condition during the germination (Jursík et al 2003;Tang et al 2008). In contrast to crop or arable plants, the percentage of germinated C. album seeds is usually markedly under 100 %, which predetermines it for a research of seed germination stimulation.…”

Seed dormancy, germination, emergence and seed longevity in Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata

“…According to Ivany and Sweet (), Jursik et al . () and Damalas (), minimum temperature for germination is 10°C. In our experiments, optimal alternating temperature regime for germination of Galinsoga spp.…”

“…(), but contradict findings of Jursik et al . () who found that G. quadriradiata seeds were primary dormant for 10 to 100 days, depending on time of seed ripening; seeds that ripened early in the season (July) showed longest dormancy duration. In our study, fresh seeds were harvested in autumn, which may explain the lack of primary dormancy.…”