Seed germination of<i>Quercus robur, q. pyrenaica</i>and<i>q. ilex</i>and the effects of smoke, heat, ash and charcoal

Reyes, Otilia; Casal, M.

doi:10.1051/forest:2005112

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…synchronized germination explains the typical coevality of post-fire forests [37]. This is the premise for this study, which is based on four serious fires that occurred in 1994 in areas throughout Eastern Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

et al. 2007

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-In Spain, many Pinus halepensis Mill. forests have been seriously affected by significant forest fires in the past decade, in 1994 alone, more than 100 000 ha were burned in Eastern Spain. In order to study the reproductive characteristics of P. halepensis after forest fires, six locations were selected in four areas affected by serious fires in the summer of 1994, and the following different precipitation zones were studied: dry-subhumid, dry and semi-arid. Ten years after the fires, data relevant to the production of pine cones: serotinous (grey), mature (brown), immature (green) and opened cones, was collected from areas with natural post-fire regeneration. Various cone and seed characteristics, such as pine cone seed number and weight, and germination percentage, were measured. The results showed greater production of cones and strobili in high-density sites. The biggest cone sizes (volume) and seed number per cone were related to site quality (dry-subhumid precipitation zone). Also, viability and germination percentages were higher with better site quality, with significant differences in values for serotinous and non-serotinous cones. Despite these differences, the canopy seed bank was large enough to ensure regeneration in this area for this age stand.Pinus halepensis / serotiny / canopy seed bank / natural regeneration Résumé -Influence de la densité du peuplement et de la fertilité de la station sur la dynamique de reproduction de Pinus halepensis Mill., dix ans après d'importants incendies. En Espagne, dans les dix dernières années, de nombreuses forêts de Pin d'Alep ont été gravement touchées par d'importants feux de forêt. Rien qu'en 1994, plus de 100 000 ha ont brûlé dans l'est de l'Espagne. Dans le cadre d'une étude de la dynamique de la reproduction du Pin d'Alep après incendie, six sites, situés dans des zones de feux de forêt survenus lors de l'été 1994, ont été observés. Ces sites présentent des niveaux de précipitations différents : sec à sub-humide, sec et semi-aride. Dix ans après incendie, des données concernant la production de cônes de pin : sérotineux (gris), mûrs (marrons), immatures (vert) et cônes ouverts, ont été collectées dans des zones de régénération naturelle. Diverses caractéristiques des cônes et des graines ont été relevées : nombre et poids des cônes et des graines, taux de germination. Les résultats révèlent une production importante de cônes et de strobiles dans les sites à forte densité de pin. Le volume des cônes et le nombre de graines par cône étaient liés à la fertilité de la station (zone sèche à sub-humide). Les taux de viabilité et de germination étaient aussi plus importants dans les zones présentant le plus de précipitations et des écarts significatifs ont été observés entre les valeurs de cônes sérotineux et non sérotineux. Malgré ces différences, les banques de graines dans les peuplements étaient suffisamment importantes pour assurer la régénération du pin dans cette zone.Pinus halepensis / sérotine / banque de graines de la canopée / régénération na...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

et al. 2007

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“…Conedera and Tinner (2000) show that Quercus ilex is highly sensitive to fire disturbance under certain circumstances based on ecological studies. Reyes and Casal (2006) consider that fire has little negative effect on evergreen oak germination. Colombaroli et al (2007) suggest that evergreen oak declines synchronously with fire-sensitive Abies.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Fire Activity and Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postglacial fire history and interactions with vegetation and climate in southwestern Yunnan Province of China

et al. 2017

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Abstract.A high-resolution, continuous 18.5 kyr (1 kyr = 1000 cal yr BP) macroscopic charcoal record from Qinghai Lake in southwestern Yunnan Province, China, reveals postglacial fire frequency and variability history. The results show that three periods with high-frequency and high-severity fires occurred during the periods 18.5-15.0, 13.0-11.5, and 4.3-0.8 ka, respectively. This record was compared with major pollen taxa and pollen diversity indices from the same core, and tentatively related to the regional climate proxy records with the aim to separate climate-from human-induced fire activity, and discuss vegetation-fire-climate interactions. The results suggest that fire was mainly controlled by climate before 4.3 ka and by the combined actions of climate and humans after 4.3 ka. Before 4.3 ka, high fire activity corresponded to cold and dry climatic conditions, while warm and humid climatic conditions brought infrequent and weak fires. Fire was an important disturbance factor and played an important role in forest dynamics around the study area. Vegetation responses to fire after 4.3 ka are not consistent with those before 4.3 ka, suggesting that human influence on vegetation and fire regimes may have become more prevalent after 4.3 ka. The comparisons between fire activity and vegetation reveal that evergreen oaks are flammable plants and fire-tolerant taxa. Alnus is a fire-adapted taxon and a nonflammable plant, but density of Alnus forest is a key factor to decide its fire resistance. The forests dominated by Lithocarpus/Castanopsis and/or tropical trees and shrubs are not easy to ignite, but Lithocarpus/Castanopsis and tropical trees and shrubs are fire-sensitive taxa. Fire appears to be unfavourable to plant diversity in the study area.

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“…Samp.) is one of the most representative species in the forest communities of the Mediterranean basin [35], especially on the Iberian Peninsula, where it forms part of the vegetation (existing as well as potential) in extensive areas [18,39]. The use of this evergreen sclerophilous tree in reforestation programs on abandoned agricultural lands promoted by the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has strongly increased in the last 12 years, in contrast to the Pinus species, which were widely used in the past [47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct sowing of holm oak acorns: effects of acorn size and soil treatment

et al. 2006

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-A nursery experiment under optimal controlled conditions and a parallel field trial under conditions of severe water stress were conducted to test the influence that acorn size and soil preparation (only in field) exert on the survival and development of this species. The soil preparation consisted of preparing seed beds with a backhoe. The size and weight of the acorn were the factors that most controlled the development of this species in the nursery, while in the field, under conditions of water stress, only acorn weight was related negatively to the root:shoot ratio. Water availability was also found to be a strongly limiting factor for plant development, when the results of the two experiments were compared. In the field, the prior soil preparation negatively affected survival (65%) with respect to control (95%), RCD and R/S ratio. In conclusion, given the low precipitation during the study period and the low survival results reported by other researchers with the introduction of seedlings, even in higher-rainfall localities, sowing acorns directly in the field should be reconsidered as a viable technique for restoring holm oak forests, for forestation on agricultural lands, or the diversification of forest species on a large scale at low costs.Quercus ilex subsp. ballota / acorn / soil treatment / abandoned agricultural land Résumé -Semis directs des glands de chênes : effet de la grosseur des glands et du traitement du sol. Un essai en pépinière en conditions contrôlées optimales et un autre essai en plein champ en conditions de stress hydrique sévère pour le chêne ont été menés pour tester l'influence que la grosseur des glands et la préparation du sol (seulement au champ) exercent sur la survie et le développement de cette espèce. La préparation du sol a consisté en un poquet réalisé avec un retroexcavateur. La grosseur et le poids du gland ont été les facteurs qui ont provoqué le développement plus important de cette espèce en pépinière. Néanmoins, en plein champ, dans des conditions de stress hydrique seul le poids du gland a permis d'établir une corrélation négative avec le rapport racine/pousse. La disponibilité en eau a été un facteur extrêmement limitant pour le développement des plants, si on compare les résultats des deux expérimentations. Au champ, la préparation du terrain a influencé d'une manière négative la survie (65 %) par rapport au témoin (90 %), au diamètre des plants et au rapport racine/pousse. En conclusion, compte tenue des faibles pluies tombées pendant la période d'étude et des résultats de faible survie obtenus par d'autres auteurs avec l'introduction de semis, même dans des régions de pluviométrie plus abondante, le semis direct de glands au champ doit être repensé en tant que technique viable pour la restauration des forêts de chêne, le reboisement des terres agricoles et la diversification à grande échelle des espèces forestières et à moindre coût.Quercus ilex subsp. ballota / gland / traitement du sol / terre agricole abandonnée

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Seed germination ofQuercus robur, q. pyrenaicaandq. ilexand the effects of smoke, heat, ash and charcoal

Cited by 49 publications

References 34 publications

Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

Tree density and site quality influence on Pinus halepensis Mill. reproductive characteristics after large fires

Postglacial fire history and interactions with vegetation and climate in southwestern Yunnan Province of China

Direct sowing of holm oak acorns: effects of acorn size and soil treatment

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