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Introduction. When growing tall-growth crops (cereal crops in late the phases of development, corn, sunflower, etc.), there are used boom sprayers equipped with twin-fluid spray cones with fixed angles of inclination to the vertical of the spray cones. The working fluid is applied with such sprays are more intensively on the front side of the plant leaves while the intensity of covering the plants from the back side with the working fluid decreases. The development of the spray system will allow improving the quality of crop treatment with boom sprayers. Aim of the Study. The aim of the research is to determine experimentally the algorithm for changing the angles of inclination of a twin-fluid spray cone that provides the same intensity of applying working liquid to the leaves of high-growth plants. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on a test bench by applying colored water to the front and rear sides of a tall-growth plant model moving at a specified speed. The experiment was carried out according to the method of optimal planning. The difference between the content of droplets on the front and rear sides of the tall-growth plant model was taken as an optimization parameter. Variable factors were the spray cone inclination angles and the operating speed of the sprayer. Results. The algorithm for changing the optimum values of the spray cone inclination angles depending on the sprayer speed was determined based on the equality of the first derivative of the optimization to zero parameter by the value of these angles. Discussion and Conclusion. According to the algorithm, when the sprayer operating speed increases from 1.2 to 3.2 m/s, the optimal angle of inclination to the front spray cone vertical changes linearly from 25 to 21 degrees, and the rear one ‒ from 46.7 to 57 degrees. This algorithm will allow justifying the technical specifications to develop a processor for automatic control of the spray cone inclination angles cones when the sprayer is operating.
Introduction. When growing tall-growth crops (cereal crops in late the phases of development, corn, sunflower, etc.), there are used boom sprayers equipped with twin-fluid spray cones with fixed angles of inclination to the vertical of the spray cones. The working fluid is applied with such sprays are more intensively on the front side of the plant leaves while the intensity of covering the plants from the back side with the working fluid decreases. The development of the spray system will allow improving the quality of crop treatment with boom sprayers. Aim of the Study. The aim of the research is to determine experimentally the algorithm for changing the angles of inclination of a twin-fluid spray cone that provides the same intensity of applying working liquid to the leaves of high-growth plants. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on a test bench by applying colored water to the front and rear sides of a tall-growth plant model moving at a specified speed. The experiment was carried out according to the method of optimal planning. The difference between the content of droplets on the front and rear sides of the tall-growth plant model was taken as an optimization parameter. Variable factors were the spray cone inclination angles and the operating speed of the sprayer. Results. The algorithm for changing the optimum values of the spray cone inclination angles depending on the sprayer speed was determined based on the equality of the first derivative of the optimization to zero parameter by the value of these angles. Discussion and Conclusion. According to the algorithm, when the sprayer operating speed increases from 1.2 to 3.2 m/s, the optimal angle of inclination to the front spray cone vertical changes linearly from 25 to 21 degrees, and the rear one ‒ from 46.7 to 57 degrees. This algorithm will allow justifying the technical specifications to develop a processor for automatic control of the spray cone inclination angles cones when the sprayer is operating.
Winter wheat protection technology is aimed at preventing the mass spread of harmful biota and the possibility of its rapid restriction. Therewith, the main choice of pesticides and their timely use is precisely at the period when harmful organisms are in a sensitive stage to protective products, and plants are in the phase of forming and laying productivity elements. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of the proposed compositions of chemical preparations against harmful biota in improving the technology of winter wheat protection. When monitoring harmful organisms, generally accepted methods in phytopathology (Strakhov and Geschele scales), entomology (butterfly net, accounting site methods), and herbology (quantitative-weight) were used. The results of the study obtained during a production experiment to examine the effectiveness of product mixtures for a comprehensive system of protection of winter wheat crops are presented. Changes in the species and quantitative composition of winter wheat weed Synusia depending on the protection technology are established. The total number of weeds in the areas where the protection system was used decreased by 61.2 pcs./m2 compared to the control option. Changes in the number of pests are presented (a decrease in the Hessian fly by 26 specimens/100 w.s. (wheat stem), Swedish fly – 31 specimens/100 w.s., grass aphids – 20 specimens per stem, Haplothrips tritici – 34 specimens/100 w.s., bread carabus – 6 beetles/m2 ) when spraying winter wheat in the phases of exit into the tube and milk ripeness with insecticides Aktara 25 WG, 0.10 kg/ha + Karate seon 050 CS, 0.2 L/ha. The technical effectiveness of insecticides against pests was 73.8-89.5%, depending on the insect. It is proved that reliable protection against dominant diseases in the farm is achieved by using a combination of fungicides Alto Super 330 EC, 0.5 L/ha and Topsin M, WP, 1.0 kg/ha in the phase of entering the tube and Amistar extra 280 SC, 0.5 L/ha + Rex Duo, SC, 0.4 L/ha in the earing phase–beginning of flowering. The technical effectiveness of double spraying with recommended anti-disease products ranged from 77.1% to 86.8%. The proposed technology for protecting winter wheat from harmful organisms is effective, has passed production testing, and can be implemented in farms of all forms of ownership
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