Introduction. High-quality varietal seeds, which can ensure a gain of 0.2–0.4 t/ha in the yields from their offspring, is one of the most important and cost-effective means to increase the gross grain collection of grain. Purpose. To study productive capacities of spring wheat seeds depending on treatment of fields with fungicides and insecticides. Materials and methods. The following indicators were evaluated: swelling activity, germination energy, laboratory germinability, initial growth strength, coleoptile length and the number of radicles. Seed samples that after pesticide treatment had showed the best results were tested in field experiments for productive capacities. The experimental plot area was 10 m2, in six replications. Seeds were sown with a seeder SN-10Ts after soybean with a seeding rate of 5 million germinable seeds per hectare. Spring wheat seeds produced in the experimental plots, which were treated with fungicides Akula (0.6 L/ha) and Soligor 425 EC (0.6 L/ha) and insecticides Fas (0.15 L/ha) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (0.15 L/ha) in organogenesis stages VI, VIII and X, were evaluated for productive capacities. The study was carried out on varieties MIP Zlata, Bozhena, MIP Raiduzhna and Diana. Results and discussion. Over the study years, the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of fungicide-treated plants was 0.23–0.36 t/ha; the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of insecticide-treated plants was – 0.24-0.31 t/ha. Pesticide-treated parental plants produced seeds with increased productive capacities: when such seeds were sown, the field germinability increased by 3-5%, and the plant survival – by 5-7%. Conclusions. The results indicate that the treatment of vegetating plants of spring wheat varieties in seed plots with fungicides and insecticides is a reliable way to obtain seeds with high productive capacities
Нарощування виробництва зерна-один із найважливіших напрямів розвитку сільського господарства України. Зернові культури в Україні займають понад 15 млн га ріллі (50 %) у структурі зернових площ. Вирощування зернових культур ускладнюється рядом чинників, серед яких одне з перших місць посідає погіршення фітосанітарного стану посівів. Навіть * Науковий керівник-доктор с.-г. наук, професор, академік НААН України, заслужений діяч науки і техніки М. М. Кирик testing and use of pesticides]. S. O. Trybel (Ed.). Kyiv, Ukraine: Svit, 448 [in Ukrainian].
Ìåòà. Âèçíà÷èòè òåõí³÷íó åôåêòèâí³ñòü çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â òà âèÿâèòè ¿õí³é âïëèâ íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ³ ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³ çåðíà íîâèõ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ìèðîí³â-ñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿. Ìåòîäè. Åôåêòèâí³ñòü ôóíã³öèä³â äëÿ çàõèñòó ïøåíèö³ â³ä íàéïîøè-ðåí³øèõ õâîðîá äîñë³äaeóâàëè ó 2016-2018 ðð. â Ìèðîí³âñüêîìó ³íñòèòóò³ ïøåíèö³ ³ìå-í³ Â. Ì. Ðåìåñëà ÍÀÀÍ íà íîâèõ ñîðòàõ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà, Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà ³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà. Ôóíã³öèäè Âàðåîí 520, Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ ³ Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ çàñòîñîâóâàëè ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ (ÂÂÑÍ-59). Âàð³àíòè äîñë³äó ïî-ð³âíþâàëè ç ÷èñòèì êîíòðîëåì, â ÿêîìó îáïðèñêóâàííÿ ðîñëèí ïðîâîäèëè ò³ëüêè âîäîþ. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ çàáåçïå÷èëî ¿õ òåõí³÷íó åôåêòèâí³ñòü ïðîòè áîðîøíèñòî¿ ðîñè íà ð³âí³ 80-93 %, ñåïòîð³îçó-31-50 %, áóðî¿ ³ðae³-100 %. Âèù³ ïîêàçíèêè åôåêòèâíîñò³ ïðîòè õâîðîá íà ñîðòàõ Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà ³ Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà âñòàíîâëåíî ó âàð³àíò³ Âàðåîí 520, íà ñîðò³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìè-ðîí³âñüêà-Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ. Îáïðèñêóâàííÿ ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ ôóíã³öèäîì Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ ñïðèÿëî ï³äâèùåííþ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ íà 0,23-0,75 ò/ãà, Âàðåîí 520-íà 0,32-0,62 ò/ãà, Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ-íà 0,16-0,72 ò/ãà. Ìàêñèìàëüíó âðîaeàé-í³ñòü (5,35 ò/ãà) ñôîðìóâàâ ñîðò Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà çà îáðîáêè ôóíã³öèäîì Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ. Íàéá³ëüøèé ïðèð³ñò óðîaeàéíîñò³ çà çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â îòðèìàíî òàêîae íà ñîðò³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà. Ôóíã³öèäíèé çàõèñò ïøåíèö³ ñïðèÿâ çá³ëüøåííþ âì³ñòó á³ëêà (íà 0,2-1,1 %) ³ ñèðî¿ êëåéêîâèíè (íà 0,5-4,6 %) òà ïîêàçíèêà ñåäèìåíòàö³¿ (íà 2,3-8,0 ìë). Âèù³ ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³ çåðíà ï³ñëÿ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â íà ñîðòàõ Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà ³ Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà îòðèìàíî ó âàð³àíò³ Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ, íà ñîðò³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà-Âàðåîí 520. Âèñíîâêè. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â êîíòàêòíî-ñèñòåìíî¿ çàõèñíî¿ òà ë³êóâàëüíî¿ ä³¿ Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ, Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ ³ Âàðåîí 520 ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ç íîðìîþ âèòðàòè 1 ë/ãà çàõèùຠðîñëèíè â³ä îñíîâíèõ ëèñòêîâèõ õâîðîá, ñïðèÿº ïîë³ïøåííþ ÿêîñò³ çåðíà òà çá³ëüøåííþ âðîaeàéíîñò³ íà 0,16-0,75 ò/ãà çàëåaeíî â³ä ñîðòó.
Ìåòà. Âñòàíîâèòè îïòèìàëüí³ íîðìè âèñ³âó íàñ³ííÿ òà ð³âåíü ì³íåðàëüíîãî aeèâëåííÿ â òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ íîâèõ ñîðò³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ó Öåíòðàëüíîìó ˳ñîñòåïó Óêðà¿íè. Ìåòîäèêà. Ó 2016, 2017 ðð. äîñë³äaeóâàëè íîâ³ ñîðòè ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ìè-ðîí³âñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿ Ì²Ï Ñàëþò, Ì²Ï Àçàðò òà Ì²Ï Áîãóí çà íîðì âèñ³âó 3 ³ 4 ìëí øò./ãà òà ð³çíèõ ôîí³â óäîáðåííÿ: áåç âíåñåííÿ äîáðèâ (êîíòðîëü) òà ³ç âíåñåííÿì ï³ä ïå-ðåäïîñ³âíó êóëüòèâàö³þ í³òðîàìîôîñêè íîðìàìè N 30 P 30 K 30 , N 60 P 60 K 60 òà N 90 P 90 K 90. Ïîïåðåäíèê-ñîÿ. Àãðîòåõí³êà âèðîùóâàííÿ çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòà äëÿ çîíè. Ïîãîäí³ óìîâè îáîõ ðîê³â äîñë³äaeåíü ó ïåð³îä âåãåòàö³¿ ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî õàðàêòåðèçóâàëèñü ï³äâèùåíîþ òåìïåðàòóðîþ. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Ìàêñèìàëüíîþ ê³ëüê³ñòþ ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñòåáåë íà 1 ì 2 õàðàêòåðèçóâàâñÿ ñîðò Ì²Ï Ñàëþò (751 ± 19), ì³í³ìàëüíîþ-Ì²Ï Áîãóí (650 ± 17). Íàéá³ëüø âàð³àáåëüíèìè çà ö³ºþ îçíàêîþ çà ðîêàìè áóëè ñîðòè Ì²Ï Àçàðò òà Ì²Ï Áîãóí. Íàéâèùó âðîaeàéí³ñòü äîñë³äaeóâàíèõ ñîðò³â îòðèìàíî ó 2016 ð. íà ôîí³ ì³íåðàëüíîãî aeèâëåííÿ N 60 P 60 K 60 çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 3 ìëí/ãà (7,05 ò/ãà), à â 2017 ð. íà ôîí³ N 90 P 90 K 90 çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 4 ìëí/ãà (3,44 ò/ãà). Íà ì³í³ìàëüíó ê³ëüê³ñòü äîáðèâ (N 30 P 30 K 30) íàéá³ëüøå ðåàãóâàâ ñîðò Ì²Ï Áîãóí , íàéìåíøå-Ì²Ï Ñàëþò. Ìàêñèìàëüíó çà äâà ðîêè âðîaeàéí³ñòü ó äîñë³ä³ çàáåçïå÷èâ ñîðò ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî Ì²Ï Àçàðò íà ôîíàõ N 90 P 90 K 90 (5,39 ò/ãà) òà N 60 P 60 K 60 (5,25 ò/ãà) çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 4 ìëí/ãà.  óìîâàõ äîñòàòíüîãî âîëîãîçàáåçïå÷åííÿ (2016 ð.) ó äàíèõ âàð³àíòàõ ìàêñèìàëüíà âðîaeàé-í³ñòü öüîãî ñîðòó ñòàíîâèëà 7,33 ³ 7,42 ò/ãà â³äïîâ³äíî. Âèñíîâêè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî â ñåðåäíüîìó äëÿ äîñë³äaeåíèõ ñîðò³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ó Öåíòðàëüíîìó ˳ñîñòåïó Óêðà¿íè îïòèìàëüíèì º ôîí ì³íåðàëüíîãî aeèâëåííÿ N 60 P 60 K 60. Çà äàíî¿ íîðìè óäîáðåííÿ äîñòîâ³ðíî¿ ð³çíèö³ ì³ae íîðìàìè âèñ³âó 3 ³ 4 ìëí/ãà íå â³äì³÷åíî. Òîìó äëÿ ïðèñêîðåíîãî ðîçìíîaeåííÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ñîðò³â çà âíåñåííÿ N 60 P 60 K 60 ìîaeëèâèì º âèêîðèñòàííÿ çìåíøåíî¿ íîðìè âèñ³âó (3 ìëí/ãà). Ìàêñèìàëüíîþ çà äâà ðîêè âðîaeàéí³ñòþ õàðàêòåðèçóâàâñÿ ñîðò ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî Ì²Ï Àçàðò íà ôîíàõ N 60 P 60 K 60-N 90 P 90 K 90 çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 4 ìëí/ãà. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ÿ÷ì³íü ÿðèé, íîðìà âèñ³âó, ôîí aeèâëåííÿ, ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñòåáåë, óðîaeàéí³ñòü Вступ. Ячмінь ярий-одна з основних зернових культур у світовому землеробстві. Зерно ячменю широко використовується для продоволь
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