Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world due to its wide geographical adaptation and nutritional value.The use of high-quality seeds of the best varieties being adapted to local growing conditions is an important requirement for increasing wheat yields. The purpose of this research was to establish the influence of preceding crops and sowing dates on yield and seed sowing quality of winter bread wheat varieties. On average, maximum yield capacity in 2016-2018 was obtained in the variety Trudivnytsia myronivska (7.41 t/ha) when sowing on 15 September after green manure, the minimum yield was in the variety MIP Kniazhna (4.03 t/ha) when sowing on 15 October after soybean as preceding crop. Shifting the sowing dates to later ones led to decrease in yield capacity by 0.97 and 0.62 t/ha after the preceding crops green manure and soybean, respectively. After the preceding crop soybean, the maximum yield (5.77 t/ha) was formed by the variety MIP Valensiia when sowing on 25 September. By ANOVA it was found that the level of wheat yield was the most significantly affected by hydrothermal conditions of the year (63%), the interaction "preceding crop × conditions of the year" (12%) and preceding crop (11%). It was revealed that an increase in weight of 1000 seeds in the varieties on average was 3.9 g after the preceding crop green manure in comparison with the preceding crop soybean. There was a slight effect of preceding crops and sowing dates on seed vigor and laboratory germination. These rates were slightly higher for early and optimal sowing dates after green manure as compared with the soybean. Thus, it was confirmed that in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe green manure is the best preceding crop for seed production, especially for growing pre-basic seeds, while 15 and 25 September are the best sowing dates. For the preceding crop soybean, when sowing on 25 September and 05 October, the yield of wheat varieties was the highest in comparison with sowing on 15 October. Locations of winter wheat seed crops after the best preceding crops in crop rotation and optimal sowing dates will promote the most efficient using of climatic and anthropogenic factors, increase grain yield per area unit, and improve seed sowing quality.

Âñòàíîâèòè âïëèâ åêîëîã³÷íèõ óìîâ ³ ïîïåðåäíèê³â íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü, ïîñ³â-í³ ÿêîñò³ òà âðîaeàéí³ âëàñòèâîñò³ íàñ³ííÿ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿. Ìåòîäè. Ëàáîðàòîðíèé (âèçíà÷åííÿ âèõîäó íàñ³ííÿ, ìàñè 1000 íàñ³íèí, åíåð㳿 ïðîðîñòàííÿ, ëàáîðàòîðíî¿ ñõîaeîñò³ òà ìîðôîòèï³â çàðîäê³â), âèì³ðþâàëüíî-âàãîâèé (óðîaeàéí³ñòü), ìàòåìàòè÷-íî¿ ñòàòèñòèêè (îö³íêà äîñòîâ³ðíîñò³ ðåçóëüòàò³â äîñë³äaeåíü). Ïîëüîâ³ äîñë³äaeåííÿ ³ç ñîðòàìè ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ Ïîäîëÿíêà, Ñìóãëÿíêà, Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà, Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà, Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà, Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà, Ìèðîí³âñüêà ñëàâà, Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà ïðîâîäèëè âïðîäîâae 2014-2017 ðð. íà ïîëÿõ Ìèðîí³âñüêîãî ³íñòèòóòó ïøåíèö³. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Àíàë³ç äàíèõ çáîðó çåðíà ç îäèíèö³ ïîñ³âíî¿ ïëîù³ â ðîêè íàéâèùîãî ³ íèçüêîãî âðîaeàþ ïîêàçóº, ùî íåçâàaeàþ÷è íà ð³çí³ óìîâè çâîëîaeåííÿ âèÿâëåíà çà-êîíîì³ðí³ñòü ùîäî âïëèâó ïîïåðåäíèê³â ïðàêòè÷íî çáåð³ãàºòüñÿ. Çà ðîêè äîñë³äaeåíü íàéâèùó âðîaeàéí³ñòü ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ (6,0 ò/ãà) îòðèìàíî ïî ïîïåðåäíèêó ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð. Äîñë³äaeóþ÷è ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³ íàñ³ííÿ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿, âèÿâèëè, ùî ñåðåä ïî-ïåðåäíèê³â, ÿê³ âèâ÷àëèñÿ (ñîÿ, ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð, êóêóðóäçà íà ñèëîñ), âèõ³ä íàñ³ííÿ òà ìàñà 1000 íàñ³íèí ó ñåðåäíüîìó çà òðè ðîêè (2015-2017) íàéâèùèìè áóëè ïî ñèäåðàëüíîìó ïàðó (76,4 % òà 43,2 ã), íàéíèae÷èìè -ïî êóêóðóäç³ íà ñèëîñ (71,7 % òà 40,4 ã). Âèçíà÷àþ÷è åíåðã³þ ïðîðîñòàííÿ òà ëàáîðàòîðíó ñõîae³ñòü çàëåaeíî â³ä ïîïåðåäíèê³â, ñóòòºâî¿ ð³çíèö³ íå âèÿâèëè, àëå â³äçíà÷èëè, ùî íèae÷èìè âîíè áóëè â íåñïðèÿòëèâîìó çà óìîâàìè âèðîùóâàííÿ 2017 ð. Îòðèìàí³ äàí³ ïîêàçóþòü, ùî ôîðìóâàííÿ ìîðôîòè-ï³â çàðîäê³â ó ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ çàëåaeèòü â³ä ïîïåðåäíèêà. Òàê, íàñ³ííÿ, âèðîùåíå ïî ñèäåðàëüíîìó ïàðó, ìàëî íàéâèùó îö³íêó çà âðîaeàéíèìè âëàñòèâîñòÿìè (78,2 áàëà), à ïî ïîïåðåäíèêó êóêóðóäçà íà ñèëîñ -íàéíèae÷ó (70,5 áàëà). Âèñíîâêè. Ïðàâèëüíå ðîçì³ùåííÿ íàñ³ííèöüêèõ ïîñ³â³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ â ñ³âîçì³í³ ñïðèÿº á³ëüø åôåêòèâíîìó âèêîðèñòàííþ ïðèðîäíèõ, êë³ìàòè÷íèõ ³ á³îëîã³÷íèõ ôàêòîð³â, ÿê³ ïîçèòèâíî âïëèâàþòü íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü òà ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³ ³ âðîaeàéí³ âëàñòèâîñò³ íàñ³ííÿ. Íàìè äîâåäåíî, ùî â çîí³ Ïðàâîáåðåaeíîãî ˳ñîñòåïó êðàùèì ïîïåðåäíèêîì äëÿ íàñ³ííèöüêèõ ïîñ³â³â, îñîáëèâî äëÿ âèðîùóâàííÿ äîáàçîâîãî íàñ³ííÿ, º ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïøåíèöÿ îçèìà, âðîaeàéí³ñòü, ïîïåðåäíèêè, ïîñ³âí³ ÿêîñò³, âðî-aeàéí³ âëàñòèâîñò³ Вступ. Озима пшениця порівняно з іншими культурами є найбільш вимогливою до попередників, від яких, здебільшого, залежить забез-

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Ìåòà. Âèçíà÷èòè òåõí³÷íó åôåêòèâí³ñòü çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â òà âèÿâèòè ¿õí³é âïëèâ íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ³ ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³ çåðíà íîâèõ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ìèðîí³â-ñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿. Ìåòîäè. Åôåêòèâí³ñòü ôóíã³öèä³â äëÿ çàõèñòó ïøåíèö³ â³ä íàéïîøè-ðåí³øèõ õâîðîá äîñë³äaeóâàëè ó 2016-2018 ðð. â Ìèðîí³âñüêîìó ³íñòèòóò³ ïøåíèö³ ³ìå-í³ Â. Ì. Ðåìåñëà ÍÀÀÍ íà íîâèõ ñîðòàõ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà, Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà ³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà. Ôóíã³öèäè Âàðåîí 520, Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ ³ Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ çàñòîñîâóâàëè ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ (ÂÂÑÍ-59). Âàð³àíòè äîñë³äó ïî-ð³âíþâàëè ç ÷èñòèì êîíòðîëåì, â ÿêîìó îáïðèñêóâàííÿ ðîñëèí ïðîâîäèëè ò³ëüêè âîäîþ. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ çàáåçïå÷èëî ¿õ òåõí³÷íó åôåêòèâí³ñòü ïðîòè áîðîøíèñòî¿ ðîñè íà ð³âí³ 80-93 %, ñåïòîð³îçó-31-50 %, áóðî¿ ³ðae³-100 %. Âèù³ ïîêàçíèêè åôåêòèâíîñò³ ïðîòè õâîðîá íà ñîðòàõ Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà ³ Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà âñòàíîâëåíî ó âàð³àíò³ Âàðåîí 520, íà ñîðò³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìè-ðîí³âñüêà-Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ. Îáïðèñêóâàííÿ ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ ôóíã³öèäîì Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ ñïðèÿëî ï³äâèùåííþ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ íà 0,23-0,75 ò/ãà, Âàðåîí 520-íà 0,32-0,62 ò/ãà, Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ-íà 0,16-0,72 ò/ãà. Ìàêñèìàëüíó âðîaeàé-í³ñòü (5,35 ò/ãà) ñôîðìóâàâ ñîðò Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà çà îáðîáêè ôóíã³öèäîì Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ. Íàéá³ëüøèé ïðèð³ñò óðîaeàéíîñò³ çà çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â îòðèìàíî òàêîae íà ñîðò³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà. Ôóíã³öèäíèé çàõèñò ïøåíèö³ ñïðèÿâ çá³ëüøåííþ âì³ñòó á³ëêà (íà 0,2-1,1 %) ³ ñèðî¿ êëåéêîâèíè (íà 0,5-4,6 %) òà ïîêàçíèêà ñåäèìåíòàö³¿ (íà 2,3-8,0 ìë). Âèù³ ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³ çåðíà ï³ñëÿ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â íà ñîðòàõ Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà ³ Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà îòðèìàíî ó âàð³àíò³ Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ, íà ñîðò³ Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà-Âàðåîí 520. Âèñíîâêè. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â êîíòàêòíî-ñèñòåìíî¿ çàõèñíî¿ òà ë³êóâàëüíî¿ ä³¿ Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ, Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ ³ Âàðåîí 520 ó ôàçó êîëîñ³ííÿ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ç íîðìîþ âèòðàòè 1 ë/ãà çàõèùຠðîñëèíè â³ä îñíîâíèõ ëèñòêîâèõ õâîðîá, ñïðèÿº ïîë³ïøåííþ ÿêîñò³ çåðíà òà çá³ëüøåííþ âðîaeàéíîñò³ íà 0,16-0,75 ò/ãà çàëåaeíî â³ä ñîðòó.

Ìåòà. Âñòàíîâèòè îïòèìàëüí³ íîðìè âèñ³âó íàñ³ííÿ òà ð³âåíü ì³íåðàëüíîãî aeèâëåííÿ â òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ íîâèõ ñîðò³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ó Öåíòðàëüíîìó ˳ñîñòåïó Óêðà¿íè. Ìåòîäèêà. Ó 2016, 2017 ðð. äîñë³äaeóâàëè íîâ³ ñîðòè ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ìè-ðîí³âñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿ Ì²Ï Ñàëþò, Ì²Ï Àçàðò òà Ì²Ï Áîãóí çà íîðì âèñ³âó 3 ³ 4 ìëí øò./ãà òà ð³çíèõ ôîí³â óäîáðåííÿ: áåç âíåñåííÿ äîáðèâ (êîíòðîëü) òà ³ç âíåñåííÿì ï³ä ïå-ðåäïîñ³âíó êóëüòèâàö³þ í³òðîàìîôîñêè íîðìàìè N 30 P 30 K 30 , N 60 P 60 K 60 òà N 90 P 90 K 90. Ïîïåðåäíèê-ñîÿ. Àãðîòåõí³êà âèðîùóâàííÿ çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòà äëÿ çîíè. Ïîãîäí³ óìîâè îáîõ ðîê³â äîñë³äaeåíü ó ïåð³îä âåãåòàö³¿ ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî õàðàêòåðèçóâàëèñü ï³äâèùåíîþ òåìïåðàòóðîþ. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Ìàêñèìàëüíîþ ê³ëüê³ñòþ ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñòåáåë íà 1 ì 2 õàðàêòåðèçóâàâñÿ ñîðò Ì²Ï Ñàëþò (751 ± 19), ì³í³ìàëüíîþ-Ì²Ï Áîãóí (650 ± 17). Íàéá³ëüø âàð³àáåëüíèìè çà ö³ºþ îçíàêîþ çà ðîêàìè áóëè ñîðòè Ì²Ï Àçàðò òà Ì²Ï Áîãóí. Íàéâèùó âðîaeàéí³ñòü äîñë³äaeóâàíèõ ñîðò³â îòðèìàíî ó 2016 ð. íà ôîí³ ì³íåðàëüíîãî aeèâëåííÿ N 60 P 60 K 60 çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 3 ìëí/ãà (7,05 ò/ãà), à â 2017 ð. íà ôîí³ N 90 P 90 K 90 çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 4 ìëí/ãà (3,44 ò/ãà). Íà ì³í³ìàëüíó ê³ëüê³ñòü äîáðèâ (N 30 P 30 K 30) íàéá³ëüøå ðåàãóâàâ ñîðò Ì²Ï Áîãóí , íàéìåíøå-Ì²Ï Ñàëþò. Ìàêñèìàëüíó çà äâà ðîêè âðîaeàéí³ñòü ó äîñë³ä³ çàáåçïå÷èâ ñîðò ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî Ì²Ï Àçàðò íà ôîíàõ N 90 P 90 K 90 (5,39 ò/ãà) òà N 60 P 60 K 60 (5,25 ò/ãà) çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 4 ìëí/ãà.  óìîâàõ äîñòàòíüîãî âîëîãîçàáåçïå÷åííÿ (2016 ð.) ó äàíèõ âàð³àíòàõ ìàêñèìàëüíà âðîaeàé-í³ñòü öüîãî ñîðòó ñòàíîâèëà 7,33 ³ 7,42 ò/ãà â³äïîâ³äíî. Âèñíîâêè. Âñòàíîâëåíî, ùî â ñåðåäíüîìó äëÿ äîñë³äaeåíèõ ñîðò³â ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî ó Öåíòðàëüíîìó ˳ñîñòåïó Óêðà¿íè îïòèìàëüíèì º ôîí ì³íåðàëüíîãî aeèâëåííÿ N 60 P 60 K 60. Çà äàíî¿ íîðìè óäîáðåííÿ äîñòîâ³ðíî¿ ð³çíèö³ ì³ae íîðìàìè âèñ³âó 3 ³ 4 ìëí/ãà íå â³äì³÷åíî. Òîìó äëÿ ïðèñêîðåíîãî ðîçìíîaeåííÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ñîðò³â çà âíåñåííÿ N 60 P 60 K 60 ìîaeëèâèì º âèêîðèñòàííÿ çìåíøåíî¿ íîðìè âèñ³âó (3 ìëí/ãà). Ìàêñèìàëüíîþ çà äâà ðîêè âðîaeàéí³ñòþ õàðàêòåðèçóâàâñÿ ñîðò ÿ÷ìåíþ ÿðîãî Ì²Ï Àçàðò íà ôîíàõ N 60 P 60 K 60-N 90 P 90 K 90 çà íîðìè âèñ³âó 4 ìëí/ãà. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ÿ÷ì³íü ÿðèé, íîðìà âèñ³âó, ôîí aeèâëåííÿ, ê³ëüê³ñòü ïðîäóêòèâíèõ ñòåáåë, óðîaeàéí³ñòü Вступ. Ячмінь ярий-одна з основних зернових культур у світовому землеробстві. Зерно ячменю широко використовується для продоволь