Seismic monitoring of water floods? A petrophysical study

Wang, Zhijing; Hirsche, W. Keith; Sedgwick, George

doi:10.1190/1.1890348

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Feasibility studies are thus most important before implementing an in-situ monitoring program. As shown by seismic modeling, a change in velocity of 5% is the minimum criterion for feasible monitoring (Hirsche et al, 1990;Wang et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seismic monitoring of fluid fronts: An experimental study

Wulff

Mjaaland

2002

GEOPHYSICS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seismic signatures of time-dependent reservoir processes, necessary for the interpretation of 4-D seismic data, are still insufficiently described. This experiment was designed to monitor fluid-front movements and saturation changes and to identify the related seismic signatures.Ultrasonic P-and S-wave transmission and reflection measurements were used to monitor the waterflooding of a porous sandstone. The sandstone was flooded in steps by filling a tank in which the room-dry cubic (50-cm side) block of rock was placed.Waterflooding caused the velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the transmitted waves to diminish significantly; however, the changes were reversible by drying. The maximum reduction of the velocities was 7% and 12% for P-and S-waves, respectively. The velocity and amplitude behavior can be explained by the Biot-Gassmann's theory, local fluid flow, and grain-surface effects. The correct interpretation of seismic signatures of fluid processes in reservoirs thus involves a knowledge of rock physical relations and attenuation mechanisms.Even at small saturations, reflections from the block bottom were strongly attenuated, but those from the upgoing water front could be monitored. The latter reflections were best observed in differential seismic traces, confirming that seismic monitoring can observe moving fronts directly.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feasibility of seismic monitoring of waterflooding has been examined by Wang et al (1991) in a petrophysical laboratory study. They conclude that monitoring success depends strongly on the petrophysical reservoir characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic monitoring of fluid fronts: An experimental study

Wulff

Mjaaland

2002

GEOPHYSICS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the widely used relations to estimate the effect of fluids on bulk modulus is Gassmann's fluid substitution theory ͑Gassmann, 1951͒, which we will examine in the following section. Laboratory measurements on carbonates have been performed at ultrasonic frequencies ͑ϳ0.8 MHz͒ to estimate the validity of Gassmann's equations for limestones and dolomites ͑Wang et al, 1991;Marion and Jizba, 1997;Wang, 2000;Baechle et al, 2005;Røgen et al, 2005͒. In most cases Gassmann's predictions underestimate the observed ultrasonic velocities for either oil-or brine-saturated samples, although for some samples Gassmann theory overestimates the measured velocities ͑Wang, 2000; Baechle et al, 2005;Røgen et al, 2005͒. Presently, the applicability of Gassmann's equation to carbonate rocks is unresolved. With our work, we hope to make inferences about the uncertainties and interpretation on the applicability of Gassmann's equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gassmann's fluid substitution and shear modulus variability in carbonates at laboratory seismic and ultrasonic frequencies

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbonates have become important targets for rock property research in recent years because they represent many of the major oil and gas reservoirs in the world. Some are undergoing enhanced oil recovery. Most laboratory studies to understand fluid and pressure effects on reservoir rocks have been performed on sandstones, but applying relations developed for sandstones to carbonates is problematic, at best. We measured in the laboratory nine carbonate samples from the same reservoir at seismic ͑3 to 3000 Hz͒ and ultrasonic ͑0.8 MHz͒ frequencies. Samples were measured dry ͑humid-ified͒, and saturated with liquid butane and brine. Our carbonate samples showed typical changes in moduli as a function of porosity and fluid saturation. However, we explored the applicability of Gassmann's theory on limestone and dolomite rocks in the context of shear and bulk modulus dispersion, and Gassmann's theory assumptions. For our carbonate set, at high differential pressures and seismic frequencies, the bulk modulus of rocks with high aspect ratio pores and dolomite mineralogy is predicted by Gassmann's relation. We also explored in detail some of the assumptions of Gassmann's relation, especially rock-frame sensitivity to fluid saturation. Our carbonate samples showed rock shear-modulus change from dry to brine saturation conditions, and we investigated several rock-fluid mechanisms responsible for this change. To our knowledge, these are the first controlled laboratory experiments on carbonates in the seismic frequency range.

show abstract

“…Monitoring oil-water system is more technically challenging because the seismic impedance contrast between oil and water-saturated rock is often much smaller than the free-gas or heated oil effects (Wang et al, 1991). Recent developments in seismic processing that improve time-lapse repeatability with noise filtering algorithms facilitated the use of 4-D seismic for monitoring reservoir waterflood performance (Burkhart et al, 2000;O'Donovan et al, 2000;Behrens et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamline-Based Time Lapse Seismic Data Integration Incorporating Pressure and Saturation Effects

Watanabe

Han

Datta‐Gupta

et al. 2013

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present an efficient history matching approach that simultaneously integrates 4-D repeat seismic surveys with well production data. This approach is particularly well-suited for the calibration of the reservoir properties of high-resolution geologic models because the seismic data is areally dense but sparse in time, while the production data is continuous in time but averaged over interwell spacing. The joint history matching is performed using streamline-based sensitivities derived from either finite-difference or streamline-based flow simulation. Previous approaches to seismic data integration have mostly incorporated saturation effects but the pressure effects have largely been ignored. We propose, for the first time, streamline-based analytic approaches to compute parameter sensitivities that relate the seismic data to reservoir properties while accounting for both pressure and saturation effects via appropriate rock physics models. The inverted seismic data (e.g., changes in acoustic impedance or fluid saturations), is distributed as a 3-D high-resolution grid cell property or as a vertically integrated two-dimensional map. We derive pressure drop sensitivities along streamlines in addition to our previous work of water saturation sensitivity computation. The novelty of the method lies in the analytic sensitivity computations which make it computationally efficient for high resolution geologic models. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by implementing it in a finite difference simulator which incorporates detailed physical processes, while the streamline trajectories provide for rapid evaluation of the sensitivities. The efficacy of our proposed approach is demonstrated with both synthetic and field applications. The synthetic example is the SPE benchmark Brugge field case. The field example involves waterflooding of a North Sea reservoir with multiple seismic surveys. For both the synthetic and the field cases, the advantages of incorporating the time-lapse variations are clearly demonstrated through improved estimation of the permeability distribution, pressure profile, and fluid saturation evolution and swept volumes.

show abstract

Seismic monitoring of water floods? A petrophysical study

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Seismic monitoring of fluid fronts: An experimental study

Seismic monitoring of fluid fronts: An experimental study

Gassmann's fluid substitution and shear modulus variability in carbonates at laboratory seismic and ultrasonic frequencies

Streamline-Based Time Lapse Seismic Data Integration Incorporating Pressure and Saturation Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About