Seismic response of masonry buildings in historical centres struck by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake. Calibration of a vulnerability model for strengthened conditions

Saretta, Ylenia; Sbrogiò, Luca; Valluzzi, María Rosa

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123911

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, in the case of existing URM buildings, the integration of new materials (e.g., concrete) and elements (e.g., reinforcing layers on vertical and horizontal components, ring, or tie beams) must be carefully considered in terms of their actual effects, that is, beneficial or detrimental. The post-earthquake observations carried out in Italy over the last 25 years clarified this issue: the contribution of interventions on a building's behaviour can be 'unfavourable' when OOP mechanisms and masonry crumbling phenomena are not prevented, and 'favourable' when the box-like behaviour is reached (i.e., floor inertial loads are redistributed among shear walls) [17]. The effectiveness of interventions also depends on their workmanship and compatibility with a building's original features [18].…”

Section: Strenghening Of Masonry Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…joists supporting a hollow clay tile decking. These joists are exposed to shear failure, as they do not have a specific reinforcement [17]. All masonry types appeared to have low mechanical performances, as, in M1 and M2, bond stones are missing and two leaves were evident from surveys; in M3, the percentage of voids is high, and blocks are laid with holes parallel to bed joints.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…joists supporting a hollow clay tile decking. These joists are exposed to shear failure, as they do not have a specific reinforcement [17].…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intervention Strategies for the Seismic Improvement of Masonry Buildings Based on FME Validation: The Case of a Terraced Building Struck by the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake

2021

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Residential masonry buildings represent a large stock among highly vulnerable structures in medium–high seismic hazard areas, often built without any anti-seismic provisions. Their rehabilitation and/or strengthening according to optimised intervention strategies is topical and may contribute to revaluating zones characterized by depopulation phenomena. In this paper, a terraced building struck by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake is analysed through a frame by macro element (FME) model. The building is composed of six two-storey units made of stone and clay block masonry walls and semi-rigid diaphragms. The numerical model was calibrated based on the damage pattern caused by the earthquake and then used to carry out parametric analyses on the strengthened conditions by simulating both one unit and the entire terrace. The effects of interventions applied to either vertical or horizontal components, both singularly and in combination, were analysed in terms of nonlinear static analyses, and quantified by a performance factor, according to the upgraded seismic code in Italy. Kinematic analyses also completed the assessment of the building. Results compared the capacity of interventions in attaining the targets defined for improvement at both local and overall levels.

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Section: Strenghening Of Masonry Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intervention Strategies for the Seismic Improvement of Masonry Buildings Based on FME Validation: The Case of a Terraced Building Struck by the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake

2021

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“…The tools for seismic assessment depend on whether a building's seismic behaviour is governed by either out-of-plane local mechanisms or overall shear behaviour of masonry walls [11][12][13]. The 20th century URM buildings are planned to have this latter behaviour, but it has only been in recent times that specific studies considered their actual seismic damage [14,15] or addressed the seismic assessment of the oldest examples (pre-1960) [16,17]. Their masonry structure ranges from random rubble to clay bricks and blocks, although a proper definition of mechanical properties is still missing, since (a) they do not respond to the typical conditions of 'old' masonry, described, e.g., in [18], as cement mortar being used instead of lime, and (b) load-bearing units come from a non-standard local production, and non-load-bearing material is often used as a structural material [19,20].…”

Section: Existing Masonry Buildings: Structural and Energy Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Structural and Energy Improvement in Mid-Rise Unreinforced Masonry Apartment Buildings. A Case Study in Mestre (Northeast Italy)

Sbrogiò¹,

Bevilacqua²,

Sordi³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Two-thirds of the Italian building stock was already built by the 1970s, largely according to gravity load design and using economical materials and poor workmanship. Currently, the structures, fixtures, and fittings of these buildings have reached the end of their service life, and they require both an assessment and an update to meet new standards and new needs. As an example of a common type, this article deals with the assessment of the present state and the proposal of an integrated structural and architectural intervention on an existing brick masonry mid-rise apartment building in the suburbs of Venice, Northern Italy. The structural analysis highlights a moderate vulnerability, despite the low seismic hazard, and the energy analysis indicates that the highest management costs are due to heating and sanitary uses. Low-impact strategies are preferred for each aspect of the required interventions. Their costs are counterbalanced by (a) the reduction to a fifth of the present management costs; (b) a 20% average increase in the economic value of the flats; and (c) a favorable tax regime at the national level. Transformed into parametric values, also useful for large scale analyses, these costs resulted in a sustainable monthly instalment from the owners, who may also benefit from the increased quality of the place where they live.

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“…Yet, experimental [18][19][20] and numerical studies [21][22][23][24], as well as evidence from recent seismic events in Italy [25][26][27][28], Greece [29], Croatia [30], and Albania [31], besides highlighting the essential role of timber-masonry joints, have proven that excessively stiff floors can also be detrimental for masonry buildings, and they may not necessarily increase their seismic performance, because the in-plane strength of the walls is immediately brought into play. Yet, it is also well-known that floors too flexible in their plane may lead to out-of-plane collapses of masonry walls during an earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Seismic Capacity of Existing Masonry Buildings by Retrofitting Timber Floors: Wood-Based Solutions as a Dissipative Alternative to Rigid Concrete Diaphragms

Mirra

Ravenshorst

2021

Buildings

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The inadequate seismic performance of existing masonry buildings is often linked to the excessively low in-plane stiffness of timber diaphragms and the poor quality of their connections to the walls. However, relevant past studies and seismic events have also shown that rigid diaphragms could be detrimental for existing buildings and do not necessarily lead to an increase in their seismic performance. Therefore, this work explores the opportunity of optimizing the retrofitting of existing timber floors by means of a dissipative strengthening option, consisting of a plywood panel overlay. On the basis of past experimental tests and previously formulated analytical and numerical models for simulating the in-plane response of these retrofitted diaphragms, in this work nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses were performed on three case–study buildings. For each structure three configurations were analyzed: an as-built one, one having floors retrofitted with concrete slabs and one having dissipative diaphragms strengthened with plywood panels. The results showed that the additional beneficial hysteretic energy dissipation of the optimized diaphragms is relevant and can largely increase the seismic performance of the analyzed buildings, while rigid floors only localize the dissipation in the walls. These outcomes can contribute to an efficient seismic retrofitting of existing masonry buildings, demonstrating once more the great potential of wood-based techniques in comparison to the use of reinforced concrete for creating rigid diaphragms.

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Seismic response of masonry buildings in historical centres struck by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake. Calibration of a vulnerability model for strengthened conditions

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Intervention Strategies for the Seismic Improvement of Masonry Buildings Based on FME Validation: The Case of a Terraced Building Struck by the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake

Intervention Strategies for the Seismic Improvement of Masonry Buildings Based on FME Validation: The Case of a Terraced Building Struck by the 2016 Central Italy Earthquake

Strategies for Structural and Energy Improvement in Mid-Rise Unreinforced Masonry Apartment Buildings. A Case Study in Mestre (Northeast Italy)

Optimizing Seismic Capacity of Existing Masonry Buildings by Retrofitting Timber Floors: Wood-Based Solutions as a Dissipative Alternative to Rigid Concrete Diaphragms

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