Seismogeological effects on rocks during the 12 April 1998 upper Soča Territory earthquake (NW Slovenia)

Vidrih, Renato; Ribičič, Mihael; Suhadolc, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00219-5

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The high frequency of events makes the first database particularly unique. Rockfall databases typically have an event frequency of approximately 3 % (Hungr et al, 1999;Jeannin, 2001;RTM Isère, 1996;Wieczorek et al, 1992). The daily rockfall hazard, which is the probability of a fall on a given day, regardless of the meteorological factors, is similar to these frequencies under the assumption of spatial and temporal homogeneity.…”

Section: Rockfall Databasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common triggering factors are intense rainfall episodes (André, 1997;Berti et al, 2012;Ilinca, 2008;Rapp, 1960), the freeze and thaw of water-filled fractures (Ilinca, 2008;Matsuoka and Sakai, 1999), and repeated rock surface temperature variations (Frayssines and Hantz, 2006;Gunzburger et al, 2005;Luckman, 1976). Furthermore, seismic activity has been shown to influence rockfall events (Bull et al, 1994;Vidrih et al, 2001;Zellmer, 1987). Rockfall inventories can be used to quantify the statistical correlation between rockfall events and their triggering factors (Chau et al, 2003;Helmstetter and Garambois, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical correlation between meteorological and rockfall databases

Delonca

Gunzburger

Verdel

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Rockfalls are a major and essentially unpredictable sources of danger, particularly along transportation routes (roads and railways). Thus, the assessment of their probability of occurrence is a major challenge for risk management. From a qualitative perspective, it is known that rockfalls occur mainly during periods of rain, snowmelt, or freeze-thaw. Nevertheless, from a quantitative perspective, these generally assumed correlations between rockfalls and their possible meteorological triggering events are often difficult to identify because (i) rockfalls are too rare for the use of classical statistical analysis techniques and (ii) not all intensities of triggering factors have the same probability. In this study, we propose a new approach for investigating the correlation of rockfalls with rain, freezing periods, and strong temperature variations. This approach is tested on three French rockfall databases, the first of which exhibits a high frequency of rockfalls (approximately 950 events over 11 years), whereas the other two databases are more typical (approximately 140 events over 11 years). These databases come from (1) national highway RN1 on Réunion, (2) a railway in Burgundy, and (3) a railway in Auvergne. Whereas a basic correlation analysis is only able to highlight an already obvious correlation in the case of the "rich" database, the newly suggested method appears to detect correlations even in the "poor" databases. Indeed, the use of this method confirms the positive correlation between rainfall and rockfalls in the Réunion database. This method highlights a correlation between cumulative rainfall and rockfalls in Burgundy, and it detects a correlation between the daily minimum temperature and rockfalls in the Auvergne database. This new approach is easy to use and also serves to determine the conditional probability of rockfall according to a given meteorological factor. The approach will help to optimize risk management in the studied areas based on their meteorological conditions.

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Section: Rockfall Databasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical correlation between meteorological and rockfall databases

Delonca

Gunzburger

Verdel

2014

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…10, Table A1), some of the spatially clustered rockslides in the Eibsee, Fernpass, Tschirgant, Stöttlbach and Tumpen region may be of the same age and may thus simultaneously have been triggered by earthquakes. But with the exception of the prominent Dobratsch rockslide 1348 AD in Carinthia/Austria (Eisbacher and Clague, 1984), a few (paleo-)seismic records from Switzerland (Becker et al, 2005) and some events triggered by the 1998-earthquake in NW-Slovenia (Vidrih et al, 2001), seismically induced slope failures documented in Central Europe tend to be of minor dimensions. Yet, active fault systems can not only trigger mass movements, but can produce intensely fractured rock masses extending to substantial depths, including potential sliding planes.…”

Section: Dynamic Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age distribution of fossil landslides in the Tyrol (Austria) and its surrounding areas

Prager

Zangerl²,

Patzelt

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

157

156

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Abstract. Some of the largest mass movements in the Alps cluster spatially in the Tyrol (Austria). Fault-related valley deepening and coalescence of brittle discontinuities structurally controlled the progressive failure and the kinematics of several slopes. To evaluate the spatial and temporal landslide distribution, a first comprehensive compilation of dated mass movements in the Eastern Alps has been made. At present, more than 480 different landslides in the Tyrol and its surrounding areas, including some 120 fossil events, are recorded in a GIS-linked geodatabase. These compiled data show a rather continuous temporal distribution of landslide activities, with (i) some peaks of activity in the early Holocene at about 10 500–9400 cal BP and (ii) in the Tyrol a significant increase of deep-seated rockslides in the Subboreal at about 4200–3000 cal BP. The majority of Holocene mass movements were not directly triggered by deglaciation processes, but clearly took a preparation of some 1000 years, after ice withdrawal, until slopes collapsed. In view of this, several processes that may promote rock strength degradation are discussed. After the Late-Glacial, slope stabilities were affected by stress redistribution and by subcritical crack growth. Fracture propagating processes may have been favoured by glacial loading and unloading, by earthquakes and by pore pressure fluctuations. Repeated dynamic loading, even if at subcritical energy levels, initiates brittle fracture propagation and thus substantially promotes slope instabilities. Compiled age dating shows that several landslides in the Tyrol coincide temporally with the progradation of some larger debris flows in the nearby main valleys and, partially, with glacier advances in the Austrian Central Alps, indicating climatic phases of increased water supply. This gives evidence of elevated pore pressures within the intensely fractured rock masses. As a result, deep-seated gravitational slope deformations are induced by complex and polyphase interactions of lithological and structural parameters, morphological changes, subcritical fracture propagation, variable seismic activity and climatically controlled groundwater flows.

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“…Earthquakes can significantly affect geological conditions, for example making more cracks in rock masses, reducing the integrity of rock masses, and changing the original structure and physical and mechanical properties of rock masses (Miles and Keefer 2009;Vidrih et al 2001;Cui et al 2008;Liang et al 2009). The earthquake played an important role in triggering most of the preexisting and some of the potential geological hazards in earthquake-affected regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%