Selection and quantification of near-fault velocity pulses owing to source directivity

Mena, Banu; Martin, Paul Marius

doi:10.1080/17499511003679949

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Detailed information on the kinematic rupture process also helps to shed light on the physics of rupture nucleation, propagation, and arrest (e.g., Mai et al, 2005;Gabriel et al, 2012) and allows the development of relations between slip asperities, temporal rupture properties, and geometrical source effects. These kinematic source parameters can then be related, for instance, to the occurrence of large nearfield velocity pulses (Mena and Mai, 2011). Hence, investigating finite-fault rupture models with respect to their seismic radiation has immediate practical applications for earthquake-engineering purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SRCMOD: An Online Database of Finite-Fault Rupture Models

Martin

Thingbaijam

2014

Seismological Research Letters

284

188

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SRCMOD: An Online Database of Finite-Fault Rupture Models

Martin

Thingbaijam

2014

Seismological Research Letters

284

188

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“…Recently, Ramirez-Guzman et al (2015) performed numerical simulations for the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquakes, demonstrating that ground-motion variability is strongly affected by basin and rupture directivity effects. Mena and Mai (2011) employed kinematic rupture models to investigate the effect of source complexity on the near-field velocity pulses to quantify the directivity effect. They found that directivity pulses are primarily related to slip heterogeneity (i.e., the size and location of slip asperities).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distance and Azimuthal Dependence of Ground‐Motion Variability for Unilateral Strike‐Slip Ruptures

Vyas¹,

Martin²,

Gális³

2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We investigate near-field ground-motion variability by computing the seismic wavefield for five kinematic unilateral-rupture models of the 1992 M w 7.3 Landers earthquake, eight simplified unilateral-rupture models based on the Landers event, and a large M w 7.8 ShakeOut scenario. We include the geometrical fault complexity and consider different 1D velocity-density profiles for the Landers simulations and a 3D heterogeneous Earth structure for the ShakeOut scenario. For the Landers earthquake, the computed waveforms are validated using strong-motion recordings. We analyze the simulated ground-motion data set in terms of distance and azimuth dependence of peak ground velocity (PGV).Our simulations reveal that intraevent ground-motion variability ϕ lnPGV is higher in close distances to the fault (< 20 km) and decreases with increasing distance following a power law. This finding is in stark contrast to constant sigma-values used in empirical ground-motion prediction equations. The physical explanation of a large near-field ϕ lnPGV is the presence of strong directivity and rupture complexity. High values of ϕ lnPGV occur in the rupture-propagation direction, but small values occur in the direction perpendicular to it. We observe that the power-law decay of ϕ lnPGV is primarily controlled by slip heterogeneity. In addition, ϕ lnPGV , as function of azimuth, is sensitive to variations in both rupture speed and slip heterogeneity. The azimuth dependence of the ground-motion mean μ lnPGV is well described by a Cauchy-Lorentz function that provides a novel empirical quantification to model the spatial dependency of ground motion.Online Material: Figures of slip distributions, residuals to ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs), distance and azimuthal dependence, and directivity predictor of ground-motion variability for different source models.

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“…When rupture heterogeneity is considered, multiple velocity cycles should be taken into account. Recently, a strong relationship between directivity pulses and slip heterogeneity was observed and a new ground motion selection procedure, which considers multiple velocity cycles, was suggested [22]. This selection procedure is further discussed in the following section.…”

Section: Strong Velocity Pulsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, pulse period (single cycle) is determined using the period corresponding to the maximum Fourier amplitude of a wavelet. Recently, a new ground motion selection procedure, which considers multiple velocity cycles, was suggested [22]. This procedure uses a velocity pulse definition based on a specific level of threshold energy.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Pulse-like Vertical Ground Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%