Selective and Recyclable Congo Red Dye Adsorption by Spherical Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Functionalized with 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic Acid

Abstract

In this study, the new material Fe 3 o 4 @BTCA has been synthesized by immobilization of 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) on the surface of Fe 3 o 4 NPs, obtained by co-precipitation of FeCl 3 .6H 2 o and fecl 2 .4H 2 O in the basic conditions. Characterization by P-XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM confirm Fe 3 o 4 has a spherical crystalline structure with an average diameter of 15 nm, which after functionalization with BTCA, increases to 20 nm. Functionalization also enhances the surface area and surface charge of the material, confirmed by BET and zeta potential analyses, respectively. The dye adsorption capacity of Fe 3 o 4 @BTCA has been investigated for three common dyes; Congo red (C.R), Methylene blue (M.B), and Crystal violet (C.V). The adsorption studies show that the material rapidly and selectively adsorbs C.R dye with very high adsorption capacity (630 mg/g), which is attributed to strong H-bonding ability of BTCA with C.R dye as indicated by adsorption mechanism study. The material also shows excellent recyclability without any considerable loss of adsorption capacity. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies suggest that the adsorption occurs by the Langmuir adsorption model following pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics.

Microbial Conversion of Shrimp Heads to Proteases and Chitin as an Effective Dye Adsorbent

“…Since dyes are commonly used in many industries, such as the food industry, the textile industry, the paper pulp industry, etc., they are one of the most considerable contributors to water pollution. In addition, dye-containing wastewater is known to be potentially toxic to the environment and difficult to remove [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Several methods are effective in dye removal, such as oxidation, adsorption, ultrafiltration, and coagulation, and due to its high performance, flexibility, and minimal energy requirements, adsorption is one of the most appropriate methods for dye effluent treatment [ 38 ].…”

“…In addition, dye-containing wastewater is known to be potentially toxic to the environment and difficult to remove [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Several methods are effective in dye removal, such as oxidation, adsorption, ultrafiltration, and coagulation, and due to its high performance, flexibility, and minimal energy requirements, adsorption is one of the most appropriate methods for dye effluent treatment [ 38 ]. Among the dye adsorbents, chitin is considered to be the appropriate material due to its high dye adsorption potency, non-toxicity, low cost, and plentiful supply [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Smart Adsorbents for Aquatic Environmental Remediation

“…Attraction to the adsorbent was due to strong H-bonding between BTCA and CRd dye. [238] More novel materials having unique properties and remarkable adsorption capabilities under specific reaction conditions are being designed and synthesized. The corresponding assessment of adsorbent selectivity is gaining popularity and significance.…”

Bioconjugate Synthesis of NiFe2O4 Using Juglans Regia Leaves Extract: Phytochemical Analysis, Optical Activity, Removal of Ciprofloxacin and Congo Red From Water

“…Recently magnetic poly (styrene-2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid) and magnetic (1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) nanomaterials have been proved very effective for the removal of pharmaceuticals viz. atenolol, diclofenac sodium and ceftriaxone sodium and Congo red dye from water respectively 13,14 . The surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles is a quite simple and cost-effective approach which fall in the category of desired applications.…”