Selective etching of C-N bonds for preparation of porous carbon with ultrahigh specific surface area and superior capacitive performance

Han, Pengcheng; Cheng, Mengsi; Luo, Donghai; Cui, Wei; Liu, Huichao; Du, Jianguo; Wang, Mingliang; Zhao, Yiping; Chen, Li; Zhu, Caizhen; Xu, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2019.07.009

Cited by 79 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As shown in Figure 4 c, the N 1s signal of NS‐GF 2 can be divided to three peaks at 398.6, 399.8, and 401.2 eV, manifesting the simultaneous existence of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and quaternary N, respectively. These results are consistent with those of previously reported N‐doped graphene fibers, [2] N‐superdoped graphene aerogel, [42] N‐doped carbon sheets, [55] N‐doped porous carbon, [56] and nitrogen/sulfur co‐doped holey graphene aerogel [32] . The S 2p spectrum could be fitted by five peaks (Figure 4 d), corresponding to sulfate (168.3 eV), S−O (165.7 eV), S=C (165 eV), C−S−C (164.1 eV), and sulfide (162.5 eV).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Cold‐Resistant Nitrogen/Sulfur Dual‐Doped Graphene Fiber Supercapacitors with Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion Effect

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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Although graphene fiber‐based supercapacitors are promising for wearable electronic devices, the low energy density of electrodes and poor cold resistance of aqueous electrolytes limit their wide application in cold environments. Herein, porous nitrogen/sulfur dual‐doped graphene fibers (NS‐GFs) are synthesized by hydrothermal self‐assembly followed by thermal annealing, exhibiting an excellent capacitive performance of 401 F cm−3 at 400 mA cm−3 because of the synergistic effect of heteroatom dual‐doping. The assembled symmetric all‐solid‐state supercapacitor with polyvinyl alcohol/H2SO4/graphene oxide gel electrolyte exhibits a high capacitance of 221 F cm−3 and a high energy density of 7.7 mWh cm−3 at 80 mA cm−3. Interestingly, solar–thermal energy conversion of the electrolyte with 0.1 wt % graphene oxide extends the operating temperature range of the supercapacitor to 0 °C. Furthermore, the photocatalysis effect of the dual‐doped heteroatoms increases the capacitance of NS‐GFs. At an ambient temperature of 0 °C, the capacitance increases from 0 to 182 F cm−3 under 1 sun irradiation because of the excellent solar light absorption and efficient solar–thermal energy conversion of graphene oxide, preventing the aqueous electrolyte from freezing. The flexible supercapacitor exhibits a long cycle life, good bending resistance, reliable scalability, and ability to power visual electronics, showing great potential for outdoor electronics in cold environments.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Cold‐Resistant Nitrogen/Sulfur Dual‐Doped Graphene Fiber Supercapacitors with Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion Effect

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Chemistry A European J

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“…The mixture of pitaya peel powder and KOH aqueous solution was dried, calcined, and then washed with diluted hydrochloric acid to obtain the HPC-K x , where K x means the mass ratio of KOH and pitaya peel powder is x . The possible reactions involved during the activation process are as follows: ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Role of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in the Etching Behavior of Activators to Carbon Materials

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Fully activating the carbon matrix to obtain a high specific surface area (SSA) has been a practical approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of carbon materials. Much research mentioned that the activation has a large influence on the oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs) of the porous carbon. However, the potential impact of OCFGs ubiquitous in carbon precursors on the etching behavior of activators is rarely studied. Herein, a pitaya peel with a high oxygen content is employed as the carbon matrix and then a series of porous carbon materials are synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis strategy using different activators. We found that the existence of OCFGs in the carbon materials is conducive to enhancing the etching behavior. Theoretical calculations reveal that OCFGs in the carbon matrix could induce the local charge redistributions, thereby improving the binding affinity between the activators and the carbon atoms near OCFGs. Consequently, activators tend to etch carbon atoms around the OCFGs in the carbon precursors. Based on this, the optimized sample exhibits an ultrahigh SSA of 3699 m 2 g −1 , superior capacitance (373 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 ), and excellent rate performance. This work contributes to understanding the role of OCFGs in the etching behavior of activators to carbon materials.

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“…As determined by the XRD spectra in Figure 2(d), there are no new peaks in the XRD spectrum of rGO‐PI except for the characteristic peaks of rGO and PI, indicating that no byproducts are exhibited in as‐obtained material. It is worth noting that the (002) plane of graphite in rGO‐PI shows a slight negative shift compared with rGO, indicating the expansion of rGO layer spacing attributed to the insertion of PI between rGO layers [32,33] . Importantly, for the peak at around 16.9° and 25.8°, the intensity of rGF‐PI was higher than that of pure PI, indicating that the graphene substrate can increase the crystallinity of the in‐situ grown PI polymer probably via π‐π interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is worth noting that the (002) plane of graphite in rGO-PI shows a slight negative shift compared with rGO, indicating the expansion of rGO layer spacing attributed to the insertion of PI between rGO layers. [32,33] Importantly, for the peak at around 16.9°and 25.8°, the intensity of rGF-PI was higher than that of pure PI, indicating that the graphene substrate can increase the crystallinity of the in-situ grown PI polymer probably via π-π interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Thermally Chargeable Ammonium‐Ion Capacitor for Energy Storage and Low‐Grade Heat Harvesting

Sun

et al. 2022

Batteries & Supercaps

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Harvesting heat from the low‐grade heat (below 100 °C) into electricity has the signification to enhance the utilization of energy and lower carbon emissions by a simple device. Herein we demonstrate a thermally chargeable ammonium ion capacitor (TAIC) by employing graphene‐polyimide (rGO‐PI) synthesized through polycondensation of 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and ethylenediamine as cold electrode, N‐doped hollow carbon nanofibers as hot electrode to directly convert waste heat into electricity. Combining thermodiffusion effect of electrolyte with thermogalvanic effect of a redox couple (−C=O/−C−O−NH4+), as‐assembled TAIC can deliver a high output voltage of 624 mV, power density of 82 μW cm−2 and average Seebeck coefficient of 9.07 mV K−1 at temperature difference of 45 K. Meanwhile, with the introduction of polyacrylamide‐polyacrylic acid‐based gel electrolyte, the assembled flexible device can well serve in various bending states, and the power density can attain a satisfying value of 1.92 μW cm−2. This quasi‐solid‐state TAIC shows great potential as one promising candidate for high value‐added conversion from low‐grade heat into electricity as well as wearable applications.

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Selective etching of C-N bonds for preparation of porous carbon with ultrahigh specific surface area and superior capacitive performance

Cited by 79 publications

References 43 publications

Cold‐Resistant Nitrogen/Sulfur Dual‐Doped Graphene Fiber Supercapacitors with Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion Effect

Cold‐Resistant Nitrogen/Sulfur Dual‐Doped Graphene Fiber Supercapacitors with Solar–Thermal Energy Conversion Effect

The Critical Role of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in the Etching Behavior of Activators to Carbon Materials

Thermally Chargeable Ammonium‐Ion Capacitor for Energy Storage and Low‐Grade Heat Harvesting

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