Selective freezing of target biological tissues after injection of solutions with specific thermal properties

Nanocryosurgery and its mechanisms for enhancing freezing efficiency of tumor tissues

“…As can be seen in Figure 3, D, the calculated values are in good accord with the currently available experimental data. 21 To better quantify the freezing rate of a cell loaded with nanoparticles, Figure 4, A-C, corresponding to the same situations in Figure 3, A-C, presents the freezing rate response at the core of the cell, with maximum freezing rates specifically marked on the curve. At the same time, an average temperature-decreasing rate at the core of the cell can be defined as…”

“…According to the typical temperature response curves of pork tissue during the freezing process with one liquid nitrogen-based cryoprobe, 21 it has been shown that the lowest temperature for injecting nanoparticles (30 mL 5% w/w particulate suspension) can reach -115°C at a location 5 mm distant from the probe, which is much lower than its counterpart case of no injection. The latter case achieves only a lowest temperature of -75°C at the same position and under the same freezing conditions.…”

“…Meanwhile, according to the theory of ice nucleation, it will be seen that massive loading of nanoparticles in tumor cells is bound to induce more efficient heterogeneous nucleation as ice seeds, which to some extent guarantees a higher PIF, the main reason for cell death in cryosurgery. [18][19][20] Moreover, because the particulate suspension can be locally injected and distributed into the region of interest as desired, 21 it is available to provide accurate killing on the nanoscale by means of nanocryosurgery. As is well known, freezing affects biological systems at both nanoscale (molecular) and microscale (cellular) levels, which may bring about changes in structure, composition, water and fat content, and salinity of tissues.…”

Cryogenic frozen device for hepatocyte culture and responses

“…They proposed a flexible method to control the size and shape of the iceball by injecting solutions 978-1-4673-1124-3/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE 154 with specific thermal properties into the target tissues, to enhance freezing damage to the diseased tissues while preserving the normal tissues from injury [6]. The freezing technology performs increased control of the local disease in the area (i.e., reduced local recurrence of disease).…”

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of properties of phase change micro/nanoparticles for thermal protection during cryosurgery

“…However, the unintended destruction to the surrounding healthy tissue is still a known complication of cryosurgery and has been a vexing problem which limits the wide application of cryosurgery [1]. Many protection techniques have been used to prevent this complication while inflicting cryo-lesion to the cancerous tissue [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Recently, we proposed a new method to protect the surrounding healthy tissue during cryosurgery by microencapsulated phase change micro/ nanoparticles [15], in which the phase change materials (PCMs) with large latent heat and low thermal conductivity were microencapsulated by liposome and delivered to the healthy tissue around the cancerous tissue by mainline, arterial injection, hypodermic injection or direct injection.…”