Selective Frequency Support Approach for MTDC Systems Integrating Wind Generation

Kirakosyan, Aram; El-Saadany, Ehab F.; Moursi, Mohamed Shawky El; Salama, M.M.A.

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2020.3006832

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Also, since the active power controller is much faster than the electromechanical transients of the ac grids, its dynamics can be ignored, and ∆P compn j can be taken as equal to ∆P j . Therefore, the actual active power deviation of converters in each supporting ac area can be expressed as shown in (16).…”

Section: M∆f + ∆P Vscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the coordination among the ac grids to manage the burden during frequency support according to their size is still missed. In [16]- [18], average consensus algorithm is employed for the primary frequency support, and the weights in the algorithm are used to define the proportion that the ac areas share the disturbance. In other studies presented in [19], a mechanism is developed to make frequency support only from the strong to the weak ac grids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, converter outage also impacts the frequency of the ac power systems. References [4], [16], [21] employs the same method used for ac disturbance to lessen the consequence of converter tripping on the frequency of ac grids. However, in the time of converter tripping, the frequency deviation is because of the perturbations in the power transmission between the dc and ac systems, unlike ac disturbance which causes the frequency deviation due to ac load increment or decrements in ac grids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced DC Voltage and Frequency Regulation for High Voltage AC/DC Power Grid

Ayalew

Moursi

El-Saadany

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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This work proposes a primary frequency support mechanism for a voltage source converter (VSC) based multiterminal high voltage dc (MTDC) transmission system that interconnects asynchronous ac grids. For the ac disturbance case, an augmented control strategy composed of a coordinated droop control (CDC) and a supplementary controller is developed. In CDC, the droop constants are determined considering the desired disturbance sharing ratio among the ac areas and the loading of the converters. On the other hand, the supplementary controller makes the designed droop constants provide the expected performance independent of the dc network parameters and the VSCs power losses. Therefore, the augmented controller can make the interconnected ac power systems exchange power according to the specified disturbance sharing ratio. In addition, the work introduces a new power rerouting technique to enhance the frequency and the dc voltage regulation of the ac/dc power system when a VSC trips. Furthermore, the droop constants for the nominal operation are designed to make the ac grids share the disturbance due to wind farm power variation based on their strength. Case studies are conducted for evaluation, and the presented technique shows enhanced performance in frequency (for instance, 38% improvement when ac disturbance happens) and dc voltage (for example, almost zero deviation when converter outage occurs) regulations compared to the existing mechanisms in the literature.Index Terms-Supplementary controller, novel power rerouting mechanism, impact of dc grid and VSCs power losses, coordinated droop gain scheme, frequency support, enhanced dc voltage response, converter outage, MTDC system.

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Section: M∆f + ∆P Vscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced DC Voltage and Frequency Regulation for High Voltage AC/DC Power Grid

Ayalew

Moursi

El-Saadany

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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“…To increase the flexibility of the operation of the overall system, including the MT-HVDC grid and all of the interconnected AC power systems, [65] proposes a coordinated control strategy that allows for mutual frequency support between the AC grids interconnected by the MT-HVDC network. As a result, power reserves can be allocated considering the most efficient resources of each AC network.…”

Section: Control Of the Mt-hvdc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Networks for Wind Power Integration

et al. 2022

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With the growing pressure to substitute fossil fuel-based generation, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have become one of the main solutions from the power sector in the fight against climate change. Offshore wind farms, for example, are an interesting alternative to increase renewable power production, but they represent a challenge when being interconnected to the grid, since new installations are being pushed further off the coast due to noise and visual pollution restrictions. In this context, Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) networks are the most preferred technology for this purpose and for onshore grid reinforcements. They also enable the delivery of power from the shore to offshore Oil and Gas (O&G) production platforms, which can help lower the emissions in the transition away from fossil fuels. In this work, we review relevant aspects of the operation and control of MT-HVDC networks for wind power integration. The review approaches topics such as the main characteristics of MT-HVDC projects under discussion/commissioned around the world, rising challenges in the control and the operation of MT-HVDC networks and the modeling and the control of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) stations. To illustrate the challenges on designing the control system of a MT-HVDC network and to corroborate the technical discussions, a simulation of a three-terminal MT-HVDC network integrating wind power generation and offshore O&G production units to the onshore grid is performed in Matlab’s Simscape Electrical toolbox. The results highlight the main differences between two alternatives to design the control system for an MT-HVDC network.

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“…A control approach for VSC stations in an MTDC grid to provide mutual frequency support among asynchronous AC networks is developed in [25]. This control system modifies the active power references of each droop-controlled converter considering its adjacent AC systems to enable frequency support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Code-Dependent Frequency Control Optimization in Multi-Terminal DC Networks

et al. 2020

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The increasing deployment of wind power is reducing inertia in power systems. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology can help to improve the stability of AC areas in which a frequency response is required. Moreover, multi-terminal DC (MTDC) networks can be optimized to distribute active power to several AC areas by droop control setting schemes that adjust converter control parameters. To this end, in this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to improve the primary frequency response in AC areas considering several grid limitations and constraints. The frequency control uses an optimization process that minimizes the frequency nadir and the settling time in the primary frequency response. Secondly, another layer is proposed for the redistribution of active power among several AC areas, if required, without reserving wind power capacity. This method takes advantage of the MTDC topology and considers the grid code limitations at the same time. Two scenarios are defined to provide grid code-compliant frequency control.

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Selective Frequency Support Approach for MTDC Systems Integrating Wind Generation

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Enhanced DC Voltage and Frequency Regulation for High Voltage AC/DC Power Grid

Enhanced DC Voltage and Frequency Regulation for High Voltage AC/DC Power Grid

A Review on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Networks for Wind Power Integration

Grid Code-Dependent Frequency Control Optimization in Multi-Terminal DC Networks

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