Selective Inhibition of Harmful Rumen Microbes

Uyeno, Yutaka

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_14

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In particular, methane production in ruminants has attracted considerable attention in relation to its contribution to greenhouse gas effect and global warming [5]. To date, although several means have been proposed for reducing methane emissions, innovative strategies that can substantially decrease methane output from livestock without compromising production have not yet been reported, indicating the need for elaborate assessment [6,7]. Tannins, which can form complexes with microbial proteins, are currently being intensively investigated in order to optimize rumen fermentation [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use

Mousa

Malik

Kolte

et al. 2019

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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The results of the in vitro cultivation experiments indicated that not only the composition but also ensiling of FBs affected rumen fermentation patterns and the degree of methane generation. This is primarily because of the compositional changes in the fibrous fraction during ensiling as well as the presence of readily fermented substrates, whereas tannins in these FBs seemed to have little effect on the ruminal fermentation kinetics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use

Mousa

Malik

Kolte

et al. 2019

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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“…Heat stress negatively affects daily weight gain and/or feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. Additionally, cattle under heat stress show impaired immune function, particularly as related to the digestive tract, resulting in increased risk of subclinical rumen acidosis ( Uyeno, 2015 ). Antibiotic feed additives have benefited cattle under heat stress, helping to maintain a healthy ruminal epithelium through selective effects on microbial populations ( Abdel-Samee, 1995 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Quaternary Benzophenantridine and Protopine Alkaloids on Growth Performance, Dietary Energy, Carcass Traits, Visceral Mass, and Rumen Health in Finishing Ewes under Conditions of Severe Temperature-humidity Index

Estrada-Angulo

Aguilar-Hernández²,

Osuna-Pérez

et al. 2015

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Twenty Pelibuey×Katahdin ewes (35±2.3 kg) were used to determine the effects of the consumption of standardized plant extract containing a mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) on growth performance, dietary energetics, visceral mass, and ruminal epithelial health in heat-stressed ewes fed with a high-energy corn-based diet. The basal diet (13.9% crude protein and 2.09 Mcal of net energy [NE] of maintenance/kg of dry matter) contained 49.7% starch and 15.3% neutral detergent fiber. Source of QBA+PA was Sangrovit RS (SANG) which contains 3 g of quaternary benzophenathridine and protopine alkaloids per kg of product. Treatments consisted of a daily consumption of 0 or 0.5 g SANG/ewe. Ewes were grouped by weight and assigned to 10 pens (5 pens/treatment), with two ewes per pen. The experimental period lasted 70 days. The mean temperature humidity index during the course of this experiment was 81.7±1.0 (severe heat stress). There were no treatment effects on water intake. Dry matter intake was not affected (p = 0.70) by treatments, but the group fed SANG had a numerically (11.2%) higher gain in comparison to the control group, SANG improved gain efficiency (8.3%, p = 0.04), dietary NE (5.2%, p<0.01) and the observed-to-expected NE (5.9%, p<0.01). Supplemental SANG did not affect (p≥0.12) carcass characteristics, chemical composition of shoulder, and organ weights (g/kg empty body weight) of stomach complex, intestines, and heart/lung. Supplemental SANG decreased liver weight (10.3%, p = 0.02) and increased visceral fat (16.9%, p = 0.02). Rumen epithelium of ewes fed SANG had lower scores for cellular dropsical degeneration (2.08 vs 2.34, p = 0.02), parakeratosis (1.30 vs 1.82, p = 0.03) and neutrophil infiltration (2.08 vs 2.86, p = 0.05) than controls. It is concluded that SANG supplementation helped ameliorate the negative effects of severe heat on growth performance of feedlot ewes fed high-energy corn-based diets. Improvement in energetic efficiency may have been mediated, in part, by anti-inflammatory effects of supplemental SANG and corresponding enhancement of nutrient uptake.

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“…It was likely because of relatively little proportion of crude protein in PS (around 30 g/kg DM). On the other hand, it may also be due in part to the action of tannins in PS, which have a high affinity to bind protein and protect it from proteolytic microorganisms [27].…”

Section: Experiments 1 Ps Silagementioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed

Mousa

Takeda

Kurosu

et al. 2020

Animals

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Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.

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Selective Inhibition of Harmful Rumen Microbes

Cited by 4 publications

References 103 publications

Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use

Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use

Influence of Quaternary Benzophenantridine and Protopine Alkaloids on Growth Performance, Dietary Energy, Carcass Traits, Visceral Mass, and Rumen Health in Finishing Ewes under Conditions of Severe Temperature-humidity Index

Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed

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