Selective recovery of cobalt from the cathode materials of NMC type Li-ion battery by ultrasound-assisted acid leaching and microemulsion extraction

A comprehensive review on the ultrasound-enhanced leaching recovery of valuable metals: Applications, mechanisms and prospects

“…The leaching characteristics of Co from various raw materials with the assistance of ultrasound are summarized and compared in Table 4 . Up to now, ultrasound wave has been adopted to elevate the leaching ratio of Co during the hydrometallurgical process of deep-sea manganese nodules and spent LIBs [34] , [69] , [105] , especially the reductive leaching process. Knaislova et al [69] compared the leaching behavior of Co from deep-sea manganese nodules in (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 3 media by ultrasound waves and microwaves.…”

“…Meanwhile, the selective leaching of Co from other metals within the spent LIBs was also reported using mild organic acids with ultrasound assistance. Wang et al [105] reported that the leaching ratio of Co could be augmented by about 40% with ultrasound enhancement. Interestingly, manganese was not determined in the leachate.…”

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of metals from Lithium-ion batteries using natural organic acids

“…Ultrasound may however allow for improving mass transfer in the extraction of valuable battery metals to an extent that it will allow for more environment-friendly organic acids to be used in the recovery of the metals.So far, investigations on the extent of the improved efficiency of metal extraction from used LiBs using ultrasound are scarce. 12,13,17,18 In these works, the ultrasound extraction of metals from LiBs focuses on the dissolution of LiCoO2, LiNiO2, and LiMn2O4, and occasionally reports on the leaching kinetics of these materials with the complexity of added reducing agents. The more environmentfriendly acids, so far reported, includes formic acid, 19 lactic acid, 14 acetic acid, 20 and citric acid.…”

High-Performance Recovery of Cobalt and Nickel from the Cathode Materials of NMC Type Li-Ion Battery by Complexation-Assisted Solvent Extraction

“…Table 3 lists the separation technologies for separating and recovering the metal species in the leachate from cathode materials of spent LIBs. These technologies include aqueous two-phase systems [38], solvent extraction [39,40], microemulsion extraction [41], ionic liquid [42], polymer inclusion membrane containing extractant [43] and hollow fiber supported liquid membrane [44]. Some studies worked on the synergetic effect of complexing agent in leaching process for spent LIBs [45,46], but only a few studies investigated on the synergetic effect of complexing agent in solvent extraction process [47].…”