Selectivity and Response Characteristics of Human Olfactory Neurons

Rawson, Nancy E.; Gomez, George; Cowart, Beverly J.; Brand, Joseph G.; Lowry, Louis D.; Pribitkin, Edmund A.; Restrepo, Diego

doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1606

Cited by 76 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, anatomical studies (Féron et al, 1998;Nibu et al, 1999) have shown that ORNs (identified by expression of olfactory marker protein, a molecular marker unique to mature ORNs) can be found as far down as the superior aspect of the medial turbinate, although there is considerable individual variability. These findings are supported by studies where biopsies from the high middle turbinate and apposed septum have yielded functional ORNs (Rawson et al, 1997;Thü raü f et al, 1996) or viable explant cultures of olfactory neurons (Féron et al, 1998, Gomez et al, 2000b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Human ORNs have a resting [Ca 2ϩ ] i level of about 50 to 70 nM (Gomez et al, 2000a;Rawson et al, 1997). When stimulated with either of these two odorant mixes, about 30% of the cells tested (n ϭ 322) responded with a change in [Ca 2ϩ ] i .…”

Section: Stimulus-elicited Calcium Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rat ORNs, about 14% of cells stimulated (42% of odorant responsive cells) respond to both Mix A and B (Gomez et al, 2000a). In human and rat ORNs, these two odorant mixes appear to stimulate pharmacologically distinct pathways (rat: Tarelius et al, 1995; human: Rawson et al, 1997): when Mix A is delivered in the presence of l-cis-diltiazem, an inhibitor of the CNG channel (Kolesnikov et al, 1990), the response is reversibly abolished. L-cis diltiazem does not affect responses to Mix B.…”

Section: Stimulus-elicited Calcium Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell and molecular biology of human olfaction

Rawson

Gomez

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Progress in our understanding of olfactory receptor physiology has progressed greatly over the past 10 years. It has become clear that many anatomical and molecular features of the peripheral aspect of the olfactory system have remained highly conserved across diverse species. Yet, this structure is responsible for conveying a wide variety of information about the environment that is necessary to the successful location of food, mates, and avoidance of danger, and it is thus not surprising that specializations have also evolved to suit the differing needs of different species. While the basic anatomical features reflect those of other mammals, functional studies of human olfactory receptor neurons have revealed physiological features both similar to and differing from those of other mammalian species. This review presents an overview of both the anatomical and physiological data describing the cell and molecular biology of the peripheral human olfactory system and how it functions in health and disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Stimulus-elicited Calcium Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulus-elicited Calcium Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell and molecular biology of human olfaction

Rawson

Gomez

2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…To date, only one group has successfully imaged Ca 2+ influx in individual cilia [20,21], although many have recorded odor-induced Ca 2+ changes in dendrites and soma of ORNs [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The fact that in most odor responses, the Ca 2+ signal is propagated from the cilia to the soma suggests that (1) voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels and/or the Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release machinery (Ca 2+ -sensitive stores) must be present to move the signal to the soma, and (2) the propagated Ca 2+ signal is bringing odor-specific information to the soma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Signalling in Squid Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Piper

Lucero²

1999

Biol Signals Recept

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Isolated squid olfactory receptor neurons respond to dopamine and betaine with hyperpolarizing conductances. We used Ca²⁺ imaging techniques to determine if changes in intracellular Ca²⁺ were involved in transducing the hyperpolarizing odor responses. We found that dopamine activated release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores while betaine did not change internal Ca²⁺ concentrations. Application of 10 mM caffeine also released Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores, suggesting the presence of ryanodine-like receptors. Depletion of intracellular stores with 100 μM thapsigargin revealed the presence of a Ca²⁺ store depletion-activated Ca²⁺ influx. The influx of Ca²⁺ through the store-operated channel was reversibly blocked by 10 mM Cd²⁺. Taken together, these data suggest a novel odor transduction system in squid olfactory receptor neurons involving Ca²⁺ release from intracellular stores.

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“…Olfactory receptors are broadly selective (Katada S et al, 2005), albeit species differences have been reported (Rawson NE et al, 1997), and respond together in a combinatorial way (Rennaker RL et al, 2007;Zou Z, Buck LB, 2006). It is, then, important to complement experiments that use molecular, cellular, and tissue approaches with those that use systemintegrated behavioral approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human olfactory detection of homologous n-alcohols measured via concentration–response functions

Cometto‐Muñiz

Abraham

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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We explored in humans concentration-detection functions for the odor of the homologous n-alcohols ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-octanol. These functions serve to establish structure-activity relationships, and reflect the pharmacology of the olfactory sense at the behavioral level. We tested groups of 14 to 17 subjects (half of them females), averaging 31 to 35 years old. An 8-station vapor delivery device (VDD8) presented the stimulus under a three-alternative forced-choice procedure against carbon-filtered air. The VDD8 was built to meet the demands of typical human sniffs in a short-term (<5 sec) olfactory detection task, and to accurately control odorant generation, delivery, and stability. Actual stimulus concentration was quantified by gas chromatography before and during testing. The functions obtained were log normally distributed and were accurately modeled by a sigmoid (logistic) function, both at the group and at the individual level. Sensitivity to ethanol was the lowest and to 1-octanol the highest. Functions became steeper with increasing carbon chain length. For all alcohols the concentration detected halfway between chance and perfect detection (threshold) was at the ppb (or nM) level. Females were slightly more sensitive than males. Intersubject variability across participants was between one and two orders of magnitude. The present odor thresholds were lower than many reported in the past but their relative pattern across alcohols paralleled that in our earlier data and in compilation studies. A previously described quantitative structure-activity relationship for odor potency holds promise to model thresholds that, like those obtained here, best reflect the intrinsic sensitivity of human olfaction.

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Selectivity and Response Characteristics of Human Olfactory Neurons

Cited by 76 publications

References 32 publications

Cell and molecular biology of human olfaction

Cell and molecular biology of human olfaction

Calcium Signalling in Squid Olfactory Receptor Neurons

Human olfactory detection of homologous n-alcohols measured via concentration–response functions

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