Selenium nutrition of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) bioavailability, toxicity and interaction with vitamin E

Abstract

Two concurrent 12‐week feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of inorganic sodium selenite and organic seleno‐DL‐methionine and to investigate the potential interaction between selenium and vitamin E in juvenile hybrid striped bass. In experiment 1, purified diets utilizing casein, gelatin and an amino acid premix as protein sources with a basal selenium concentration of 0.11 mg Se kg−1 were supplemented with either Na2SeO3 to provide selenium concentrations of 1.19, 2.00, 5.17 and 21.23 mg Se kg−1 or with seleno‐DL‐methionine to provide 0.90, 1.26 and 2.55 mg Se kg−1 and fed to juvenile hybrid striped bass in aquaria. A second experiment evaluated potential interactions by feeding these purified diets with or without supplemental vitamin E or sodium selenite, singularly or in combination. No overt selenium deficiency signs were exhibited by fish in either of the experiments; however, signs of selenium toxicity including retarded weight gain (WG), reduced feed intake and feed efficiency ratio (FER) as well as increased mortality, were observed in fish fed the diet containing more than 20 mg Se kg−1. Whole‐body selenium and whole‐body selenium retention were linearly influenced by sodium selenite and selenomethionine. However, there was no significant effect of dietary selenium, vitamin E or their interaction on WG, FER and survival. Slope‐ratio analysis showed that bioavailability of seleno‐DL‐methionine as a selenium source for juvenile hybrid striped bass was significantly (P < 0.01) higher (3.3‐fold) than sodium selenite.

The immune system is limited by oxidative stress: Dietary selenium promotes optimal antioxidative status and greatest immune defense in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus

“…Differences in sources of selenium, especially as related to its absorption (which is directly linked to selenium's physical and chemical form), can greatly impact animal physiological function. However, recent studies have shown that organic forms like selenomethionine or selenium obtained from yeast improve growth and increase enzyme activity in the antioxidant system [16,46]. Selenite improved growth and GPx activity more than selenomethionine for cobia (Rachycentron canadum L [47]).…”

The effects of dietary selenium on growth performances, oxidative stress and tissue selenium concentration of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

“…However, obvious linear relationships between tissue Se accumulation and dietary Se concentrations have been reported in rainbow trout (Hilton et al 1980;Ku¨c¸u¨kbay et al 2009), grouper (Lin & Shiau 2005), African catfish (AbdelTawwaba et al. 2007) and hybrid striped bass (Jaramillo JR et al 2009). Lorentzen et al (1994) suggested that highest concentrations of Se were found in kidney and liver, which are known target organs of Se metabolism.…”

Selenium and Vitamin in Diets for Tilapia-Do-Nilo

“…Dessa forma, observa-se que a tilápia possui um requisito específico de Se, que não pode ser atendido por alimentações regulares ou pelo meio aquático. É geralmente aceito que o selênio orgânico (selenometionina) é mais prontamente disponível do que o selênio inorgânico (por exemplo selenito de sódio) para peixes (JARAMILLO et al, 2009). Portanto, o nível de exigência dietética de selênio para tilápia-do-Nilo pode ser satisfeito usando Se orgânico a comparativamente menor nível de inclusão do que a fonte inorgânica tradicional de Se (LEE et al, 2016).…”