Self-Dicslosure dan Parental Monitoring: Model Mediasi dengan Parental Knowledge

Abstract

Self-disclosure is an individual's actions to share information about himself to others, whether it is private, less intimate or even everyday information. Adolescent with the development of personal space sometimes need distance and keep many secrets from their parents, and tend to be more open to friends. Parents who are worried about the child's social and personal life will do parental monitoring. Parental monitoring efforts are partly influenced by the social signals displayed by children, meaning that the strength of parental monitoring can be influenced by the degree of self-disclosure. On the other hand, children who try to disclose sometimes get different responses such as reacting positively or negatively from parents. Therefore, we assume that the strength of parental monitoring will also be influenced by parental knowledge. Self-disclosure will be a source of parental knowledge, and this knowledge then determines parental monitoring. If parents do not use the child's disclose to increase knowledge about the child, then the child's self-disclosure will not affect parental monitoring. Through a proportional stratified random sampling technique, it was obtained 394 high school students, to see the link between self-disclosure and parental monitoring with the mediation of parental knowledge. Data were taken using parental monitoring scale from Kerr and Stattin (a=0.83), self-disclosure scale from Wheeless and Grotz (a=0.67), and parental knowledge from Kerr and Stattin (a=0.73). Mediation test results with the model 4 Hayes PROCESS obtained that the relationship between self-disclosure and parental monitoring is fully mediated by parental knowledge of 0.10. This means that self-disclosure in high school students will affect parental monitoring, only if parents have adequate knowledge about their children. AbstrakSelf-disclosure adalah tindakan individu untuk memberitahukan informasi tentang dirinya kepada orang lain, baik berupa informasi yang sangat sensitif, kurang intim atau bahkan informasi sehari-hari. Remaja dengan perkembangan konsep personal space terkadang membutuhkan jarak dan menyimpan banyak rahasia dari orangtuanya, serta cenderung lebih terbuka kepada teman. Orangtua yang khawatir terhadap kehidupan sosial dan pribadi anak akan melakukan parental monitoring. Upaya parental monitoring sebagian dipengaruhi oleh sinyal sosial yang ditampilkan anak, artinya kuat lemahnya parental monitoring dapat dipengaruhi oleh derajat keterbukaan anak sendiri. Di sisi lain, anak yang berusaha terbuka terkadang mendapatkan respon yang berbeda seperti bereaksi positif ataupun negatif dari orangtua. Oleh karena itu kami berasumsi bahwa kuat lemahnya parental monitoring akan dipengaruhi pula oleh parental knowledge. Self-disclosure akan menjadi sumber bagi parental knowledge, dan pengetahuan ini selanjutnya menentukan monitoring yang dilakukan orang tua. Jika orang tua tidak memanfaatkan keterbukaan anak untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang anak, maka self-disclosure anak tidak akan memengaruhi monitoring orang tua. Melalui teknik proportional stratified random sampling diperoleh 394 siswa SMA, untuk melihat kaitan self-disclosure dan parental monitoring dengan mediasi parental knowledge. Data diambil menggunakan skala parental monitoring dari Kerr dan Stattin (a=0.83), skala self-disclosure dari Wheeless dan Grotz (a=0.67), dan parental knowledge dari Kerr dan Stattin (a=0.73). Hasil uji mediasi dengan model 4 Hayes PROCESS diperoleh bahwa hubungan self-disclosure dan parental monitoring sepenuhnya dimediasi oleh parental knowledge sebesar 0,10. Artinya self-disclosure pada siswa SMA akan memengaruhi parental monitoring, hanya jika orang tua memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai tentang anaknya.

Reliability and validity of the parental monitoring of children’s digital activity (PARMON-CDA) scale: An exploratory factor analysis

“…With the inclusion of a qualitative study interviewing 37 parents as well as adolescent children aged 12-19 years, Adi (42) reveals that the majority of the parent participants understood the online risk yet did not immediately drive efforts to protect their children, such as advising along with active supervision. Sani et al (32) revealed that a child's self-disclosure contributes to parental knowledge only if the child voluntarily shares private and con dential information to encourage optimal parental monitoring. The results of previous research on parental monitoring in the Indonesian context still use regression analysis techniques or qualitative approaches, so we hope this current study will ll the gap to re-evaluate the concept and construct of parental monitoring, especially for digital activities of school-age children by utilizing more sophisticated techniques, such as factor analysis.…”

“…Parents of elementary school-age children in Indonesia may adapt conventional parenting practices to be harmonious with their children's cyber activity. The parental monitoring practices in digital activities involving Indonesian parents share the common parental monitoring concept, for example, child disclosure, parental knowledge, and parental solicitation (30)(31)(32). Nevertheless, Indonesian parental monitoring practices also have the distinctive element, such as parents applying parental knowledge in a hierarchic style of communication (i.e., parents are giving advice for their child, or in Indonesian it is called menasihati) (33).…”