Self-esteem, anxiety and coping strategies to manage stress in ice hockey

Abstract

Sweating, increased heart rate, fidgeting, inattention and negative thoughts are typical symptoms of anxiety in sport. Hanton, Mellalieu, and Williams (2015) found that competitive sport has the potential for a high level of stress and anxiety. Anxiety is a typical response to a situation where an athlete's skills are being evaluated (Smith & Smoll, 1990). According to Weinberg and Gould (2015) anxiety can manifest itself as a stable part of one's personality known as trait anxiety, or as a temporary, more malleable, situation-specific state anxiety. Anxiety is made up of worrying thoughts and apprehensions (cognitive component) and degree of physical activation (somatic component). The factors which can increase stress and anxiety are: physical demands, psychological demands, environmental demands or expectations and pressure to perform to a high standard (Reilly & Williams, 2003). There are coping strategies which may help athletes to manage stress in important moments of the match (Smith, Schutz, Smoll, & Ptacek, 1995). Previous research showed that psychological skills of athletes

The Influence of the Trainer’s Social Behaviors on the Resilience, Anxiety, Stress, Depression and Eating Habits of Athletes

“…Different studies in the field of sport have shown that anxiety is negatively related to sports performance [33], concentration [34], social relations [35] and self-confidence [36]. In contrast, anxiety has been positively related to stress [37], amotivation [38], dropout [39], depression [40] and mental rumination [34].…”

Evaluation of Anxiety Control in School-Age Sports

“…These results can have a practical sense, both for training and competition, as they provide more and better information to the coaches / educators of young athletes about emotions that are frequently related to competitive challenges and thus help them to work on skills and coping strategies so that the athletes achieve a better predisposition when facing the competition, improving their selfconfidence, which will probably lead to a better performance (Jaenes et al, 2012). However, an essential measure is the adoption by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, of preventive measures and, where appropriate, coping strategies (Kaplánová, 2019;Silveira, Fiorim, and Pozzatto, 2014;Stefani, Andrés, and Oanes, 2014), in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence and simultaneously reduce anxiety levels generated in school-age sport.…”

Evaluación e intervención psicológica en jugadoras de hockey sobre hierba femenino.

“…Por ende, y siguiendo la evidencia científica, con la disminución de la ansiedad podemos augurar un mejor rendimiento (Butt, Weinberg, y Horn,2003) y una mejoría en las estrategias de afrontamiento más óptimas (Kaplánová, 2019). Además, aunque de forma no significativa, se consigue aumentar la concentración y atención en lo relevante, sin un anclaje en los errores y con una reinterpretación de los mismos, percibiéndolos como algo natural de la práctica deportiva.…”