Self-fluorescent antibiotic MoO_x–hydroxyapatite: a nano-theranostic platform for bone infection therapies

Abstract

Unusual intrinsic electronic point defects of bone-mimetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles induce a self-activated fluorescence and provoke pathogen microorganisms’ death after their direct contact.

Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Mesogens: Morphogenesis of pH-Sensitive Macromolecular Liquid Crystals

“…The results show that the nano-HA surface was covered with an amorphous layer of about 4.5 ± 1.5 nm thickness. On the basis of these considerations, the presence of a bone biomimetic poorly crystalline non-stoichiometric HA, (Ca 2+ ) 9.5 ­(HPO 4 2– ) 0.5 ­(PO 4 3– ) 5.5 ­(CO 3 2– ­(≤0.3 wt %),OH – ) 1.5 , with a large number of free OH – surface groups and different degrees of structuring SWCs can be affirmed; this is in agreement with the previous work , and with literature information. ,, …”

“…Therefore, we begin to characterize the substrate: the HA nanoparticles. Microstructures and physical parameters of bare rodlike HA nanoparticles were widely characterized in previous studies, − ,, here, we will focus on the functionalization of its surface; therefore, only the experiments inherent to this process will be shown. In this sense, the chemical composition of HA crystals is a key point because the presence of different groups could affect covalent binding.…”

“…It is widely recognized that ionic substitution and the regulation of crystal growth are powerful tools for designing novel nano-HAs with tailored characteristics; , less is the knowledge of the covalent functionalization of its surface. Bone-like HA nanoparticles (nano-HA) with an isoelectric point (IP) of 3.1–3.4 were prepared and characterized following a previously described procedure . For the creation of HA-amino phosphorus derivatives, modified synthetic routes mediated by APTES , were investigated.…”

“…In this sense, the integration of inorganic lyotropic liquid crystals (iLLCs) into engineering biomaterials has formidable benefits such as biomimicry, spontaneous arrangement, easy bottom-up processing, direct up-scaling, self-replication, and minimal energy inputs . However, this aspect has not yet been properly recognized among scientists belonging to the disciplines of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. , To the best of our knowledge, and although it is a fundamental aspect of bone tissue, , the exploration of the design of biocompatible nano-apatite lyotropic liquid crystal platforms has begun very recently. ,, Along this line, we have successfully created bone-mimetic hydroxyapatite nano-rods (nano-HA) − that coerce, with a straight concentration dependence, the interactions among hydrolyzed collagen peptide units, sodium alginate, , membrane phospholipids, soluble blood serum proteins, , and blood plasma . Furthermore, 3D gelatin fiber mesh and sodium alginate scaffolds reinforced with our nano-HA displayed mineralization − and a mechanical , performance that validate their use in bone therapies.…”

Advanced Materials Based on Nanosized Hydroxyapatite

“…Molybdenum oxides were also employed in doped HAP. Thus, through a delicate control of the reaction conditions, a biocompatible material that simultaneously exhibited blue and red self-activated fluorescence at room temperature and antibacterial activity was obtained [ 116 ]. In relation to the antibacterial properties, a material composed by HAP, alginate and silver nanoparticles was successfully developed [ 117 ].…”