Self-Powered Potentiometric Sensors with Memory

Sailapu, Sunil Kumar; Sabaté, N.; Bakker, Eric

doi:10.1021/acssensors.1c01273

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The open circuit voltage between a glass pH electrode and a reference electrode varies from −0.4 to 0.3 V for pH 13 to 1 with a zero point around pH 7. In analogy to earlier work on placing a diode in series with a self-powered potentiometric sensor that required the cell voltage to be shifted, 22 The responsive open circuit potential range of the boosted pH probe is now 2.2−2.9 V (see data in Figure 2b and setup in Figure 3), agreeing with the range of LCD absorbance.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Direct Energy Transfer from a pH Glass Electrode to a Liquid Crystal Display

Bakker

2022

Anal. Chem.

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Self-powered sensors are attractive because the lack of a dedicated battery makes them environmentally friendly and allows them to be more easily miniaturized. Unfortunately, the development of self-powered potentiometric sensors is challenging because only very limited energy can be harvested from this measurement principle. For the first time, the potential of a high impedance glass pH electrode (130 M Ω) is shown here to be directly read out optically. This is accomplished by a liquid crystal display (LCD) as the electrochromic transducer, which changes its transmission upon imposing an external voltage in the range of 2–3 V. Importantly, owing to its low capacitance of about 50 pF, this process requires a very small transient charge on the order of 100 pC, which may be spontaneously imposable even across pH glass electrodes. For the LCD to be turned on, the cell voltage is boosted by additional Zn2+/Zn elements placed in series. The LCD is found to give a time-dependent absorbance decrease, which is mitigated by adding a high resistance element to attenuate the associated decay. The approach gives repeatable LCD absorbance values that allows one to directly visualize pH with a precision of about 0.01 pH units. The absorbance value depends inversely on pH in a much wider range (pH 1–13) than what is normally observed with optical sensors while based on the same underlying measurement as a potentiometric pH probe.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Direct Energy Transfer from a pH Glass Electrode to a Liquid Crystal Display

Bakker

2022

Anal. Chem.

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“…Particularly, a potentiometric ion-selective electrode (ISE) dominates over other types of sensors in clinical or laboratory usage due to its high selectivity, ultralow detection limit, broad dynamic range, etc. , The superior performance of ISEs is mainly attributed to careful sample preparation, repetitive calibration, and controlled environment (i.e., temperature) associated with the laboratory setting. Along with laboratory application, solid-contact (SC) ISE’s small footprint, flexible substrate, and battery-free operation make it an excellent candidate for point-of-care (POC), wearable, and implantable applications. , As a result, the use of such sensors is increasing rapidly for in situ monitoring of analyte concentration in environmental, industrial, agricultural, and health-care sectors. , Unlike in the controlled laboratory setting, however, the operating conditions in the field fluctuate constantly and over a broad range. Since the performance of the ISE is highly sensitive to the environmental condition and calibration parameters, it has been difficult to measure the analyte concentration with always-on, field-deployed sensors with accuracy comparable to the laboratory ones …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with laboratory application, solid-contact (SC) ISE's small footprint, flexible substrate, and battery-free operation make it an excellent candidate for point-of-care (POC), wearable, and implantable applications. 3,4 As a result, the use of such sensors is increasing rapidly for in situ monitoring of analyte concentration in environmental, industrial, agricultural, and health-care sectors. 5,6 Unlike in the controlled laboratory setting, however, the operating conditions in the field fluctuate constantly and over a broad range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Self-Calibration of Always-On, Field-Deployed Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Differential Voltage Measurement

Saha

Yermembetova

et al. 2022

ACS Sens.

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Originally developed for use in controlled laboratory settings, potentiometric ionselective electrode (ISE) sensors have recently been deployed for continuous, in situ measurement of analyte concentration in agricultural (e.g., nitrate), environmental (e.g., ocean acidification), industrial (e.g., wastewater), and health-care sectors (e.g., sweat sensors). However, due to uncontrolled temperature and lack of frequent calibration in these field applications, it has been difficult to achieve accuracy comparable to the laboratory setting. In this paper, we propose a novel temperature self-calibration method where the ISE sensors can serve as their own thermometer and therefore precisely measure the analyte concentration in the field condition by compensating for the temperature variations. We validate the method with controlled experiments using pH and nitrate ISEs, which use the Nernst principle for electrochemical sensing. We show that, using temperature self-calibration, pH and nitrate can be measured within 0.3% and 5% of the true concentration, respectively, under varying concentrations and temperature conditions. Moreover, we perform a field study to continuously monitor the nitrate concentration of an agricultural field over a period of 6 days. Our temperature self-calibration approach determines the nitrate concentration within 4% of the ground truth measured by laboratory-based high-precision nitrate sensors. Our approach is general and would allow battery-free temperature-corrected analyte measurement for all Nernst principle-based sensors being deployed as wearable or implantable sensors.

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“…To eliminate the baseline drift and shorten the sample time, Bakker and coworkers recently proposed a coulometric method for ISEs by introducing an electronic capacitor into the electrochemical cell. [33][34][35][36][37] As shown in Fig. 2a, the electronic capacitor was connected in series with the ISM.…”

Section: Ise In Series With Electronic Capacitormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…37 Furthermore, information memorized in the capacitor could be used to develop deployable sensors to monitor sample changes within a defined period of time. This was recently demonstrated to identify incurred pH changes in a river water sample during an interval of 2 h. 36 Therefore, adding electronic capacitors to ISEs not only increased the sensitivity but also resulted in new applications that are inaccessible with traditional potentiometry.…”

Section: Ise In Series With Electronic Capacitormentioning

confidence: 99%