Self-Selection, Immigrant Public Finance Performance and Canadian Citizenship

Les immigrants et les minorités visibles sur le marché du travail au Québec et au Canada. Les minorités visibles nées au Canada, l’angle mort des politiques d’intégration

“…Les auteurs ont observé que l'effet est positif et considérable. DeVoretz et Pivnenko (2004) ont mené une étude similaire pour le Canada en analysant la contribution nette des immigrants non seulement sur plusieurs générations, mais sur la durée de vie de leurs descendants. Ils ont découvert qu'à Vancouver, Toronto et Montréal, la contribution nette des immigrants aux finances publiques est positive, mais inférieure à celle des Canadiens.…”

The political economy of naturalization

“…In addition to the obvious advantages related to voting rights and the ensuing political participation, the acquisition of citizenship leads to sizable economic benefits. Many contributions to the empirical literature on immigrants’ assimilation, such as Bratsberg, Ragan, and Nasir (), DeVoretz and Pivnenko (, 2006, ), Bevelander and Veenman (), Fougère and Safi (), Mazzolari (), and Steinhardt (), show that in several countries naturalization implies, for instance, easier participation in the national labour market, better employment opportunities, and higher wages. Therefore, earlier (or easier) access to citizenship might induce a larger inflow of foreign workers and a better skill composition of immigration.…”

“…Ceteris paribus, a country offering earlier and more extensive political participation is more likely to be chosen as an emigration country. Citizenship itself may be a direct argument of utility, but it also leads to a number of economic benefits, such as access to better jobs and higher wages, as shown by Bratsberg, Ragan, and Nasir (2002), DeVoretz and Pivnenko (2005, Bevelander and Veenman (2008), Fougère and Safi (2009), Mazzolari (2009), andSteinhardt (2010). A less restrictive naturalization policy can therefore attract more immigrants, or induce a more favourable selfselection of immigrants.…”

“…8 Several studies in sociology and political science confirm that education and political participation are positively correlated (see, e.g.,Brady, Verba, and Schlozman 1995) Chiswick and Miller (2008). show that in the U.S. educational attainment is one of the main variables affecting the probability of naturalization DeVoretz and Pivnenko (2006). note that only the more productive immigrants become Canadian citizens.…”

“…This hypothesis is justified by some empirical evidence, as shown byBrady, Verba, and Schlozman (1995). Moreover,DeVoretz and Pivnenko (2006) show that only the more productive immigrants to Canada decide to become citizens.…”