Self-stabilized Pt–Rh bimetallic nanoclusters as durable electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells

Narayanamoorthy, B.; Datta, K. K. R.; Eswaramoorthy, M.; Balaji, S.

doi:10.1039/c4ra08490j

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A successful strategy to counter the above mentioned degradation processes is the application of nanowires 10, and porous or star‐like Pt catalysts 11, which are characterized by high stability and relatively high activity, but usually exhibit low electrochemical surface area (ECSA). Another strategy involves application of stable catalyst alloys 12. For instance, Li et al 13 reported nitrogen‐containing intermetallic N‐Pt 3 Fe 1 ORR electrocatalyst with improved durability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Stabilization and Activation of Pt Nanoparticles for PEMFC Applications

2015

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Amongst the main challenges of catalyst materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are activity and durability. Here we report on the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles and stabilization with traces of the surfactant, here Na‐AOT (bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt), used in the synthesis procedure. The surfactants prevent agglomeration and reduce Ostwald ripening. We compare the performance of Pt catalyst nanoparticles synthesized in dense microemulsions, Na‐AOT/heptane/water and Triton X‐100/toluene/water, with a commercial state‐of‐the‐art catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). The produced catalyst nanoparticles were extracted onto a carbon support, Vulcan XC‐72R, washed and activated by heat‐treatment, which led to heavy agglomeration, or by electrochemical treatment, which led to an enhanced activity for ORR. Additionally, in comparison to the other two catalysts an increased durability of the platinum nanoparticles synthesized in the microemulsion of Na‐AOT/heptane/water was observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Stabilization and Activation of Pt Nanoparticles for PEMFC Applications

2015

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Section: Alloyed Noble Metal Clusters For Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By using formic acid as the reducing agent, Balaji's group showcased the fabrication of self-stabilized Pt-Rh clusters toward ORR in sulfuric acid media [75]. The highest performance was achieved by the clusters with an optimal Pt-to-Rh ratio equaling 76.9:23.0, which adopted a four-electron pathway and retained 85% of its limiting current after 15,000 cycles of potential scans [75]. Recently, Feng and Xu developed a wet chemical approach to fabricate monodispersed porous dendrite-like PtAu porous nanoclusters for ORR and methanol oxidation by employing L -histidine as the structure-director and PVP as the dispersing agent [76].…”

Section: Alloyed Noble Metal Clusters For Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Tang

Wang

2018

Catalysts

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Highly-efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have been extensively investigated for the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The state-ofthe-art Pt/C catalysts suffer from high price, limited accessibility of Pt, sluggish reaction kinetics, as well as undesirable long-term durability. Engineering ultra-small noble metal clusters with high surface-to-volume ratios and robust stabilities for ORR represents a new avenue. After a simple introduction regarding the significance of ORR and the recent development of noble metal clusters, the general ORR mechanism in both acidic and basic media is firstly discussed. Subsequently, we will summarize the recent efforts employing Pt, Au, Ag, Pd and Ru clusters, as well as the alloyed bi-metallic clusters for acquiring highly efficient catalysts to enhance both the activity and stability of ORR. Molecular noble metal clusters with definitive composition to reveal the relevant ORR mechanism will be particularly highlighted. Finally, the current challenges, the future outlook, as well as the perspectives in this booming field will be proposed, featuring the great opportunities and potentials to engineering noble metal clusters as highly-efficient and durable cathodic catalysts for fuel cell applications.

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“…1. The diffraction peaks obtained were well matched with those of face-centred cubic (fcc) structure of Pt metal corresponding to (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) crystalline planes [29]. The (111) crystalline plane is significantly stronger and highly intense than the other planes as expected for the formation of three-dimensional randomly oriented assembly [30] and it is clearly revealed by SEM and TEM images.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Pt3M (M: Co, Ni and Fe) Bimetallic Alloy Nanoclusters as Support-Free Electrocatalysts with Improved Activity and Durability for Dioxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells

et al. 2016

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Pt 3 M (M: Co, Ni and Fe) bimetallic alloy nanoclusters were synthesized by a novel and simple chemical reduction approach, and employed as the promising electrocatalyst to accelerate the kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. From XRD, the positive shift of diffraction angle confirms the alloy formation between Pt and M and the elemental composition was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The nanocluster morphology and particle size was determined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The ORR kinetic parameters for Pt-M electrocatalysts were calculated and compared with reported Pt/C catalysts. Among the Pt-M electrocatalysts, Pt-Co was found to be the most efficient catalyst having the higher mass and specific activity (at 0.9 V vs. RHE) of 0.44 mA/μg and 0.69 mA/cm 2 , respectively. The accelerated durability test reveals that the Pt-M bimetallic alloy nanoclusters retain appreciable surface area and mass activity after 8000 potential cycles confirms good long-term durability, and also competing with the reported benchmark ORR catalysts.

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Self-stabilized Pt–Rh bimetallic nanoclusters as durable electrocatalysts for dioxygen reduction in PEM fuel cells

Abstract: Self-stabilized Pt–Rh nanoclusters (NCs) were prepared by formic acid reduction and used as the durable electrocatalyst for ORR.

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Synthesis, Stabilization and Activation of Pt Nanoparticles for PEMFC Applications

Synthesis, Stabilization and Activation of Pt Nanoparticles for PEMFC Applications

Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyzed by Noble Metal Clusters

Pt3M (M: Co, Ni and Fe) Bimetallic Alloy Nanoclusters as Support-Free Electrocatalysts with Improved Activity and Durability for Dioxygen Reduction in PEM Fuel Cells

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