Sender–Recipient Perspectives of Honest but Hurtful Evaluative Messages in Romantic Relationships

Abstract

Five hundred and fifteen participants assessed honest but hurtful (HBH) evaluative messages in their current romantic relationships from either the perspective of senders or recipients. Findings indicated a systematic self-serving bias. Participants were more likely to recall HBH messages in their current romantic relationships in the role of recipient than sender. Recipients, relative to senders, also rated messages as more hurtful, less honest, more intentional, and lower in enhancement motivation. In addition, recipients perceived less positive relational ramifications. Sex of the respondent was found to moderate the perspective-related difference on perceived intentionality of the message.

To email or not to email: The impact of media on psychophysiological responses and emotional content in utilitarian and romantic communication

“…However, both within and outside of organizational settings, individuals use communication media to send both mundane utilitarian messages and social messages. Differences in communication tasks may influence both the sender composing the message and the recipient processing and interpreting the message (Zhang, 2009).…”