Sensitive chiral analysis by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

Sensitive chiral analysis by capillary electrophoresisIn this review, an updated view of the different strategies used up to now to enhance the sensitivity of detection in chiral analysis by CE will be provided to the readers. With this aim, it will include a brief description of the fundamentals and most of the recent applications performed in sensitive chiral analysis by CE using offline and online sample treatment techniques (SPE, liquid-liquid extraction, microdialysis, etc.), on-column preconcentration techniques based on electrophoretic principles (ITP, stacking, and sweeping), and alternative detection systems (spectroscopic, spectrometric, and electrochemical) to the widely used UV-Vis absorption detection.

Enantioseparation of Palonosetron Hydrochloride by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with High-concentration β-CD as Chiral Selector

“…[6][7][8][9][10] In CE, the enantioselectivity is based on the chiral selector, which is dissolved in the running buffer. During the last decade, various types of chiral selectors, such as cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives, 11,12 crown ethers, 13 chiral surfactants, 14,15 polysaccharides, 16,17 macrocyclic antibiotics, 18 proteins, 19 and metal complexes 20,21 have been widely used in CE.…”

“…Among them, CDs and their various derivatives are the most popularly used chiral selectors with about 90% of the applications. 10 CDs, which obtained from amylum enzymatic conversion, can form inclusion compounds with many analytes. Inclusion is a process during which the guest enters into the CD cavity and interacts with the CD; different compounds have different inclusions with the CD in order to achieve separations based on their different stereo structures.…”

Sensitive chiral analysis by CE: An update

“…These strategies included the use of off-line or on-line sample treatment techniques, sample preconcentration in the capillary using techniques based on electrophoretic principles, and/or the use of alternative detection systems to the UV-Vis absorption detection [7]. In addition, other strategies such as partial filling of the capillary or the use of CDs with countercurrent migration can be necessary, if MS detection is employed when chiral selectors are in the separation media.…”

“…The aim of this review is to provide a general view of the different strategies that have been used in the last years in order to enhance the sensitivity of detection in chiral analysis by CE with application to the analysis of drugs or biological, environmental, or food samples. Articles appeared from the publication of the previous review by García-Ruiz and Marina [7] have been considered covering the period of time from January 2005 to March 2007.…”

Simultaneous LIF and retro‐reflected beam interference detection for CE

“…While UV-Vis absorbance detection is the most common, straightforward means to realize on-column detection for CE, achievable sensitivity is limited [17][18][19]. The chemiluminescence detection usually involves some chemical reactions or some derivatization reagents [20][21][22], while the photothermal detection makes use of the photothermal phenomenon for chemicals with strong absorbance in corresponding wavelength bands [23][24][25].…”