Sensitivity of LPGs in PCFs Fabricated by an Electric Arc to Temperature, Strain, and External Refractive Index

Petrovic, Jovana; Dobb, Helen L.; Mezentsev, Vladimir; Kalli, Kyriacos; Webb, David J.; Bennion, I.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2007.893912

Cited by 77 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…5-15 Since Hill et al 1 and Vengsarkar et al 5 wrote the first FBG and LPFG in conventional glass fibers in 1978 and 1996, respectively, the fabrications and applications of in-fiber gratings have achieved rapid developments. Various fabrication methods, such as ultraviolet ͑UV͒ laser exposure, 5-15 CO 2 laser irradiation, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] electricarc discharge, [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] femtosecond laser exposure, [38][39][40][41][42][43] mechanical microbends, [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51] etched corrugations, [52][53][54][55][56][57] and ion beam implantation, [58][59][60] have been demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers. Numerous LPFGbased devices have ...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

222

134

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This paper presents a systematic review of long period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written by the CO2 laser irradiation technique. First, various fabrication techniques based on CO2 laser irradiations are demonstrated to write LPFGs in different types of optical fibers such as conventional glass fibers, solid-core photonic crystal fibers, and air-core photonic bandgap fibers. Second, possible mechanisms, e.g., residual stress relaxation, glass structure changes, and physical deformation, of refractive index modulations in the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are analyzed. Third, asymmetrical mode coupling, resulting from single-side laser irradiation, is discussed to understand unique optical properties of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs. Fourthly, several pretreament and post-treatment techniques are proposed to enhance the efficiency of grating fabrications. Fifthly, sensing applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based temperature, strain, bend, torsion, pressure, and biochemical sensors. Finally, communication applications of the CO2-laser-induced LPFGs are investigated to develop various LPFG-based band-rejection filters, gain equalizers, polarizers, and couplers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser

Wang

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

222

134

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“…The numerical result for the sensitivity of -1.85 nm/mε differs from the measured value by 11%, which is better than the error of the semi-analytical result of nearly 25%. Along with the experimental error of 2.4%, the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results can be attributed to several neglected effects: inhomogeneous distribution of strain in the PCF caused by the presence of air holes, change in the geometry of the fibre profile due to strain, dispersion of the strain-optic coefficients and the neglected average change in the refractive index of the grating, (Petrovic et al, 2007 a).…”

Section: Grating Spectrum and Resonant Modesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modelling of Long Period Gratings in Photonic Crystal Fibres and Sensors Based on Them

Petrović¹

2008

Modelling and Simulation

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“…In this respect, the rapidly evolving field of optical fiber sensing seems to hold a strong potential for providing effective solutions towards accurately measuring and monitoring pressure, strain and shear between the human skin and the support surface [3], [5]. Sensing by means of light offers a number of advantages when utilizing the appropriate fiber sensor configuration, since light propagation is highly sensitive to external forces and perturbations yielding real-time measurements with almost negligible hysteresis [6]- [8].…”

Section: Background and Motivementioning

confidence: 99%