Separation of antipyretic analgesics by open tubular capillary electrochromatography with homopolymer coatings

Abstract

This study developed an open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography protocol for the analysis of antipyretic analgesic drugs, which used a multifunctional homopolymer as coating. A controlled/living radical polymerization strategy was adopted to obtain poly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide) with a tunable chain‐length. The homopolymer coating enhanced the separation performance by contributing to the hydrophobic and hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the analytes and the homopolymer. The effect of polymer chain‐length and buffer pH and concentration on the separation efficiency was evaluated. In this approach, baseline separation of the three test drugs was achieved within 15 min. The repeatability of the prepared homopolymer coating was investigated, with the relative standard deviations < 2.88% observed in intra‐ and interday runs. Good linearity in the 5–800 µM range (R2 ≥ 0.998) demonstrates that accurate quantitative analysis of real samples was achieved. Moreover, the proposed assay was used to quantify the three drugs (aminopyrine, 4‐aminoantipyrine, and phenacetin) in urine samples, achieving recovery rates between 92.1 and 108.7%. This promising methodology may be used for the analysis of drugs in real bio‐samples and for the development of unique homopolymer coatings for open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography systems.

Recent applications and chiral separation development based on stationary phases in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (2019–2022)

“…Further combinations with PDA have expanded the range of applications for drug separation [ 47 ]. Besides separating drugs, OT columns have been used for quantitative analysis of drugs in clinical samples [ 48 ]. Analytes without chirality can be separated by hydrazine-linked COF (Tf-DHzOH) [ 49 ], MNP-β-CD-IL [ 7 ], and the mixture of GOs and MoS 2 [ 50 ].…”

“…Overall, we provide readers interested in OT-CEC with the most up-to-date overview of this field, and the related new SPs from 2019 to 2022 are listed in Table 1 [ 3 , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] ]. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search the following characters (also their acronyms) alone or in combination: “Open tubular”, “Capillary electrochromatography”, “Chiral separation”, “Stationary phase”, and “Coating” for relevant literature to analyze recent OT-CEC developments.…”

Recent developments of monolithic and open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography (2017–2019)

“…In recent years, there were many novel homo‐polymers or copolymers synthesized in order to meet the needs for the separation of different analytes . Liu and co‐workers reported an example of partially filled PLOT capillary column with immobilized pH gradient (PLOT‐IPG) for OT‐CEC analysis of amino acids and proteins.…”

A novel one‐pot strategy of preparation of N‐phenylacrylamide‐styrene co‐polymer open tubular capillary column for peptides separation

“…The capillary LC with novel capillary columns affords high separation efficiencies, short analysis time, high selectivity, good compatibility with MS, low consumption of sample volumes, and small amounts of running buffer. To date, three types of capillary columns including packed columns [5][6][7], monolithic columns [8][9][10][11], and open-tubular (OT) columns [12,13] are the most common tools for the separation of compounds. The OT capillary column is a promising separation tool due to its easy preparation and simple instrumentation.…”