Separation of Spouses due to Travel and Living Apart Raises HIV Risk in Tanzanian Couples

Vissers, Debby C. J.; Voeten, Hélène; Urassa, Mark; Isingo, Raphael; Ndege, M.; Kumogola, Yusufu; Mwaluko, Gabriel; Żaba, Basia; Vlas, Sake J. de; Habbema, J. Dik F.

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181723d93

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Men's sexual desires, including a desire for sexual variety and adventure, which is frequently believed to be achieved only with more than one woman, has been reported as key reason for engaging in CP 14–16. Furthermore, men have commonly reported engaging in CP because of the sexual unavailability of their wives, especially during times of postpartum abstinence17–20 and migration or time away from home 13 21 22. One study conducted in Uganda found that although marital satisfaction did not deter some men from engaging in CP, marital problems were viewed as a justifiable reason for engaging in CP 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of concurrent sexual partnerships within stable relationships: a qualitative study in Tanzania

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveConcurrent sexual partnerships (CP) have been identified as a potential driver in the HIV epidemic in southern Africa, making it essential to understand motivating factors for engagement in CP. We aimed to assess community attitudes and beliefs about relationship factors that influence men and women in stable relationships to engage in CP in Tanzania. Social exchange theory was used for interpreting the data.DesignQualitative study with focus group discussions (FGDs).SettingSemiurban/rural communities in four regions across Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, Shinyanga, Iringa and Mbeya).Participants120 women aged 17–45 years and 111 men aged 18–49 years from four study areas participated in 32 FGDs.Outcome measuresFGD participants were asked the following questions about CP: definitions and types, motivations and justifications for engaging or not engaging, cultural factors, gender and socialisation, and local resources and efforts available for addressing CP. Our analysis focused specifically on beliefs about how relationship factors influence engagement in CP.ResultsDissatisfaction with a stable relationship was believed to be a contributing factor for engagement in CP for both men and women. Participants more commonly reported financial dissatisfaction as a contributing factor for women engaging in CP within stable relationships, whereas emotional and sexual dissatisfaction were reported as contributing factors for men and women. Furthermore, participants described how potential outside partners are often evaluated based on what they are able to offer compared with stable partners.ConclusionsEfforts to reach men and women in stable relationships with HIV prevention messages must consider the various dimensions of motivation for engaging in CP, including relationship dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of concurrent sexual partnerships within stable relationships: a qualitative study in Tanzania

et al. 2014

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“…Sexual behaviours reported in these studies suggested that approximately 30% of the male population had a casual partner, and that around 45% of men had two or more sex partners (Kishamawe et al 2006). Vissers et al (2008) report that in their sample, 67.8% of coresidents and 86.6% of couples living apart had unprotected sex at their last extramarital sex act.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ward includes an urban centre situated around the main road, a peri-urban area surrounding the urban centre, with the remainder of the ward classified as rural (Boerma, Urassa, Senkoro, Klokke, & Ngweshemi, 1999), and is increasingly under the sphere of influence of Mwanza city. The study site was chosen as it was the site of two previous statistical studies on mobility and HIV (Kishamawe et al, 2006;Vissers et al, 2008) that came to different conclusions (Deane et., al 2010), and also reported high levels of mobility, with 60% of men and 43% of women classified as mobile in the study by Kishamawe et al (2006). Sexual behaviours reported in these studies suggested that approximately 30% of the male population had a casual partner, and that around 45% of men had two or more sex partners (Kishamawe et al 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it remains unclear to what extent the lessons from these case studies can be extrapolated across all mobile populations, they are, with some exceptions (Thomas, Haour-Knipe, & Aggleton, 2010) generally accepted. Beyond these well-known case studies, further investigation of the relationship between migration/mobility and HIV risk tests for statistically significant differences in HIV prevalence or sexual risk behaviours (or both) between 'non-mobile' and 'mobile' groups (Coffee et al, 2005;Khan et al, 2008;Kishamawe et al, 2006;Lagarde et al, 2003;Lydie et al, 2004;Mmbaga et al, 2008;Vissers et al, 2008). However, evidence from these studies is inconclusive, inconsistent, and in some cases contradictory, with no universal correlation between mobility and HIV risk for men or women (Deane, Parkhurst & Johnston 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the relationship between population mobility and HIV risk: Evidence from Tanzania

Deane

Ngalya

Boniface

et al. 2016

Global Public Health

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Migration and population mobility has long been regarded as an important structural driver of HIV. Following initial concerns regarding the spatial spread of the disease, mobile populations are viewed to engage in higher levels of risky sexual behaviours than non-mobile groups. However, beyond the case studies of mineworkers and truck drivers, the statistical evidence is inconclusive, suggesting that the relationship between mobility and risk is not well understood. This study investigated how engaging in specific livelihoods that involve mobility influences sexual behaviour and HIV risk. A qualitative research project, including focus groups and in-depth interviews with key mobile groups, was conducted in Northern Tanzania. The findings show that the patterns and conditions of moving related to the requirements of each different economic activity influence the nature of relationships that mobile groups have whilst away, how and where local sexual networks are accessed, and the practicalities of having sex. This has further implications for condom use. Risk behaviours are also shaped by local sexual norms related to transactional sex, emphasising that the roles of mobility and gender are interrelated, overlapping, and difficult to disentangle.

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“…As a result, many Garífuna households are single-parent (or grandparent) and female-headed [3]. Due to high rates of mobility, Garífuna men and women spend many months apart from one another and may seek casual partners outside of their regular relationships [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple partnerships and risk for HIV among the Garífuna minority population in Belize

Buszin¹,

Nieto-Andrade²,

Rivas³

et al. 2012

Health

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Belize has the highest rates of HIV infection in Central America and is experiencing a generalized epidemic. The Garífuna, a minority ethnic population, is at risk for HIV. This study uses survey data from Garífuna men and women to examine the frequency of multiple partnerships as well as sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral constructs correlated with having multiple partners. A high proportion of respondents reported having multiple partners, but rates were significantly higher for men, and men had a higher mean number of partners than women. A high proportion of respondents reported having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the last year, with more men reporting a history of STIs than women. Regression results show the importance of improving men and women's perceived susceptibility for HIV and encouraging them to know their HIV status. Reinforcing a social norm for partner reduction would also benefit men. Study findings support the need for HIV counseling and testing in Garí-funa communities as well as STI prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This study demonstrates that reducing multiple partnerships among Garífuna men and women is critical for reducing the spread of HIV in Belize.

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Separation of Spouses due to Travel and Living Apart Raises HIV Risk in Tanzanian Couples

Abstract: Risky sexual behavior occurs more often in mobile coresident men, and in women living apart infrequently seeing their spouses. These groups are relatively easy to identify and need extra attention in HIV prevention campaigns.

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Determinants of concurrent sexual partnerships within stable relationships: a qualitative study in Tanzania

Determinants of concurrent sexual partnerships within stable relationships: a qualitative study in Tanzania

Exploring the relationship between population mobility and HIV risk: Evidence from Tanzania

Multiple partnerships and risk for HIV among the Garífuna minority population in Belize

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Separation of Spouses due to Travel and Living Apart Raises HIV Risk in Tanzanian Couples

Abstract: Risky sexual behavior occurs more often in mobile coresident men, and in women living apart infrequently seeing their spouses. These groups are relatively easy to identify and need extra attention in HIV prevention campaigns.

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Determinants of concurrent sexual partnerships within stable relationships: a qualitative study in Tanzania

Determinants of concurrent sexual partnerships within stable relationships: a qualitative study in Tanzania

Exploring the relationship between population mobility and HIV risk: Evidence from Tanzania

Multiple partnerships and risk for HIV among the Gar&#237;funa minority population in Belize

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Product

Resources

About

Multiple partnerships and risk for HIV among the Garífuna minority population in Belize