Sequence analysis and subcellular localization of crucian carp Carassius auratus viperin

Wang, Bing; Zhang, Yibing; Liu, Ting-Kai; Gui, Jian‐Fang

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2014.04.025

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, our computational modeling revealed a catalytic cavity that is conserved between the Atlantic cod Viperin and its mammalian ortholog. Also, consistent with Viperin of human, duck, and crucian carp (60, 63, 64), our computational modeling analyses predicted the formation of an α-helix in the N-terminal region of Atlantic cod Viperin, though the N-terminus of all Viperins modeled herein are predicted to be a disordered region. Taken together, these results indicate that Atlantic cod Viperin exhibit the overall conserved structure observed/predicted in other Viperin orthologs, highly suggestive of a comparable functional role.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Characterization and Transcript Expression Analyses of Atlantic Cod Viperin

et al. 2019

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Viperin is a key antiviral effector in immune responses of vertebrates including the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Using cloning, sequencing and gene expression analyses, we characterized the Atlantic cod viperin at the nucleotide and hypothetical amino acid levels, and its regulating factors were investigated. Atlantic cod viperin cDNA is 1,342 bp long, and its predicted protein contains 347 amino acids. Using in silico analyses, we showed that Atlantic cod viperin is composed of 5 exons, as in other vertebrate orthologs. In addition, the radical SAM domain and C-terminal sequences of the predicted Viperin protein are highly conserved among various species. As expected, Atlantic cod Viperin was most closely related to other teleost orthologs. Using computational modeling, we show that the Atlantic cod Viperin forms similar overall protein architecture compared to mammalian Viperins. qPCR revealed that viperin is a weakly expressed transcript during embryonic development of Atlantic cod. In adults, the highest constitutive expression of viperin transcript was found in blood compared with 18 other tissues. Using isolated macrophages and synthetic dsRNA (pIC) stimulation, we tested various immune inhibitors to determine the possible regulating pathways of Atlantic cod viperin. Atlantic cod viperin showed a comparable pIC induction to other well-known antiviral genes (e.g., interferon gamma and interferon-stimulated gene 15-1) in response to various immune inhibitors. The pIC induction of Atlantic cod viperin was significantly inhibited with 2-Aminopurine, Chloroquine, SB202190, and Ruxolitinib. Therefore, endosomal-TLR-mediated pIC recognition and signal transducers (i.e., PKR and p38 MAPK) downstream of the TLR-dependent pathway may activate the gene expression response of Atlantic cod viperin. Also, these results suggest that antiviral responses of Atlantic cod viperin may be transcriptionally regulated through the interferon-activated pathway.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Characterization and Transcript Expression Analyses of Atlantic Cod Viperin

et al. 2019

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“…These domains are crucial for viperin's functions, such as the antiviral response. For instance, the α‐helix is essential for viperin's subcellular localization to disrupt release of certain viruses, such influenza virus (Waheed & Freed, ; Wang, Zhang, Liu, & Gui, 2014a; Zhong et al, ). The radical SAM domain contains four conserved motifs, M1 to M4, and the C‐terminal domain was also conserved in different species (Zhang, Liu et al, ; Zhang, Huang et al, ; Zhong et al, ), the latter domain is important for the protein's antiviral activity (Helbig et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene characterization and expression pattern of Mx and Viperin genes in Dabry’s sturgeonAcipenser dabryanus

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2019

J Appl Ichthyol

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Mx and Viperin are important interferon‐stimulated genes that mediate the antiviral immune response. In this study, we cloned the Mx and viperin genes from Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). The Mx cDNA sequence contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,449 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 392 aa, which is significantly shorter than other animal Mx proteins. Although the similarity and identity were low between sturgeon Mx and other animal Mx proteins, sturgeon Mx contains the conserved tripartite GTP binding motif and a dynamin family signature. The sturgeon Mx gene contains eight exons split by seven introns. The sturgeon viperin cDNA sequence contained an ORF of 1,047 bp encoding a putative protein of 349 aa, which is relatively well conserved among species. Sturgeon viperin proteins show 82% similarity with those of Xiphophorus maculatus platyfish and Poecilia formosa Amazon molly. The sturgeon viperin gene has a six exon/five intron structure with the same size of second, third, fourth, and fifth exons between different species. The expression of Mx and viperin was detectable in all tissues examined, with the highest expression in skin for Mx and in peripheral blood for viperin. After mock infection using polyinosine‐polycytidylic acid, Mx and viperin showed significantly upregulated expression in primary spleen leukocytes from 3 hr to 72 hr. Lipopolysaccharide could also induce their expression. These results suggested Mx and Viperin could play a vital antiviral role in the innate immune system of Dabry's sturgeon.

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“…As the first defense line of host, IFN system plays a vital role in resistance to viral infection [47]. From UV-inactivated GCHV-infected CAB cells, about 20 IFN system genes, such as TLR3 , IFN , IRF1 [49], IRF3 [50], IRF7 [51], IRF9 [52], signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT1 ) [53], mediator of IRF3 activation ( MITA ) [54], Mx1 and Mx2 [55], PKR , PKZ [56], PKR-like [57], IFI58 and IFI56 [58], Gig1 and Gig2 [59], ISG15–1 and ISG15–2 [60], viperin [61], ubiquitin-specific protease 18 ( USP18 ) [62] were identified. Similar to mammalian [86], fish initiates IFN response through recognizing viral products via TLRs and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), then triggers IRF3/7-dependent IFN response [10, 47, 87–89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct herpesvirus resistances and immune responses of three gynogenetic clones of gibel carp revealed by comprehensive transcriptomes

et al. 2017

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BackgroundGibel carp is an important aquaculture species in China, and a herpesvirus, called as Carassius auratus herpesvirus (CaHV), has hampered the aquaculture development. Diverse gynogenetic clones of gibel carp have been identified or created, and some of them have been used as aquaculture varieties, but their resistances to herpesvirus and the underlying mechanism remain unknown.ResultsTo reveal their susceptibility differences, we firstly performed herpesvirus challenge experiments in three gynogenetic clones of gibel carp, including the leading variety clone A+, candidate variety clone F and wild clone H. Three clones showed distinct resistances to CaHV. Moreover, 8772, 8679 and 10,982 differentially expressed unigenes (DEUs) were identified from comparative transcriptomes between diseased individuals and control individuals of clone A+, F and H, respectively. Comprehensive analysis of the shared DEUs in all three clones displayed common defense pathways to the herpesvirus infection, activating IFN system and suppressing complements. KEGG pathway analysis of specifically changed DEUs in respective clones revealed distinct immune responses to the herpesvirus infection. The DEU numbers identified from clone H in KEGG immune-related pathways, such as “chemokine signaling pathway”, “Toll-like receptor signaling pathway” and others, were remarkably much more than those from clone A+ and F. Several IFN-related genes, including Mx1, viperin, PKR and others, showed higher increases in the resistant clone H than that in the others. IFNphi3, IFI44-like and Gig2 displayed the highest expression in clone F and IRF1 uniquely increased in susceptible clone A+. In contrast to strong immune defense in resistant clone H, susceptible clone A+ showed remarkable up-regulation of genes related to apoptosis or death, indicating that clone A+ failed to resist virus offensive and evidently induced apoptosis or death.ConclusionsOur study is the first attempt to screen distinct resistances and immune responses of three gynogenetic gibel carp clones to herpesvirus infection by comprehensive transcriptomes. These differential DEUs, immune-related pathways and IFN system genes identified from susceptible and resistant clones will be beneficial to marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding or molecular module-based resistance breeding in gibel carp.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3945-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Sequence analysis and subcellular localization of crucian carp Carassius auratus viperin

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization and Transcript Expression Analyses of Atlantic Cod Viperin

Characterization and Transcript Expression Analyses of Atlantic Cod Viperin

Gene characterization and expression pattern of Mx and Viperin genes in Dabry’s sturgeonAcipenser dabryanus

Distinct herpesvirus resistances and immune responses of three gynogenetic clones of gibel carp revealed by comprehensive transcriptomes

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