Sequencing and analysis of chromosomal extremities of Trypanosoma rangeli in comparison with Trypanosoma cruzi lineages

Cabrine-Santos, Marlene; Ramı́rez, Luı́s Eduardo; Lages‐Silva, Eliane; Souza, Bruna Ferreira de; Pedrosa, André Luiz

doi:10.1007/s00436-010-2087-4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These sequences contain previously described structures found in the terminal region of T. rangeli telomeres, which is characterized by a specific telomeric junction sequence in T. rangeli (SubTr) separating the hexameric repeats from interstitial gene sequences [96], [97]. Although T. rangeli (SubTr) and T. cruzi (Tc189) telomeric junctions share very low sequence identity, related sequences have been identified in several intergenic regions in both protozoa (mainly between gp85 genes of the trans-sialidase superfamily), suggesting that the two structures could have a common origin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

et al. 2014

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Background Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe T. rangeli haploid genome is ∼24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heat-shock proteins.Conclusions/SignificancePhylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

et al. 2014

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“…The synteny was less pronounced in the subtelomeric regions than in the more conserved middle portions of the chromosomes. This concept of conservation of the middle versus variation at the ends has been described for subtelomeric regions in Giardia and other protozoans (Adam et al 1991; Adam 1992; Prabhu et al 2007; Cabrine-Santos et al 2011). An important unanswered question is the frequency of these genomic rearrangements and which, if any, are genotype-specific.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genome Sequencing of Giardia lamblia Genotypes A2 and B Isolates (DH and GS) and Comparative Analysis with the Genomes of Genotypes A1 and E (WB and Pig)

Adam

Dahlstrom

Martens

et al. 2013

Genome Biology and Evolution

127

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Giardia lamblia (syn G. intestinalis, G. duodenalis) is the most common pathogenic intestinal parasite of humans worldwide and is a frequent cause of endemic and epidemic diarrhea. G. lamblia is divided into eight genotypes (A–H) which infect a wide range of mammals and humans, but human infections are caused by Genotypes A and B. To unambiguously determine the relationship among genotypes, we sequenced GS and DH (Genotypes B and A2) to high depth coverage and compared the assemblies with the nearly completed WB genome and draft sequencing surveys of Genotypes E (P15; pig isolate) and B (GS; human isolate). Our results identified DH as the smallest Giardia genome sequenced to date, while GS is the largest. Our open reading frame analyses and phylogenetic analyses showed that GS was more distant from the other three genomes than any of the other three were from each other. Whole-genome comparisons of DH_A2 and GS_B with the optically mapped WB_A1 demonstrated substantial synteny across all five chromosomes but also included a number of rearrangements, inversions, and chromosomal translocations that were more common toward the chromosome ends. However, the WB_A1/GS_B alignment demonstrated only about 70% sequence identity across the syntenic regions. Our findings add to information presented in previous reports suggesting that GS is a different species of Giardia as supported by the degree of genomic diversity, coding capacity, heterozygosity, phylogenetic distance, and known biological differences from WB_A1 and other G. lamblia genotypes.

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“…In our study, we investigated the organization of T . rangeli KP minicircles, because parasites from each group are associated with distinct vector species and the results of KP1 classification were confirmed by several other molecular markers [ 11 , 12 , 17 , 25 ]. Accordingly, we observed the fragments amplified from the expected KP2 and KP3 kDNA minicircles in all T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…rangeli strains, other T . cruzi strains were obtained from the laboratories of the disciplines of Parasitology and Immunology, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil and previously described [ 12 , 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The division of T . rangeli into two main groups has been confirmed by several techniques, including RAPD [ 10 ], molecular karyotype [ 11 ], and terminal restriction fragment analyses [ 12 ]. However, analysis of other genetic markers, such as mini-exon, SSU rDNA, and CatLlike genes, detected increased variability allowing the division of the taxon into five groups, viz., TrA-TrE [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA content analysis allows discrimination between Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli

et al. 2017

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Trypanosoma cruzi, a human protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of Chagas disease. Currently the species is divided into six taxonomic groups. The genome of the CL Brener clone has been estimated to be 106.4–110.7 Mb, and DNA content analyses revealed that it is a diploid hybrid clone. Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate that has the same reservoirs and vectors as T. cruzi; however, it is non-pathogenic to vertebrate hosts. The haploid genome of T. rangeli was previously estimated to be 24 Mb. The parasitic strains of T. rangeli are divided into KP1(+) and KP1(−). Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the DNA content in different strains of T. cruzi and T. rangeli by flow cytometry. All T. cruzi and T. rangeli strains yielded cell cycle profiles with clearly identifiable G1-0 (2n) and G2-M (4n) peaks. T. cruzi and T. rangeli genome sizes were estimated using the clone CL Brener and the Leishmania major CC1 as reference cell lines because their genome sequences have been previously determined. The DNA content of T. cruzi strains ranged from 87,41 to 108,16 Mb, and the DNA content of T. rangeli strains ranged from 63,25 Mb to 68,66 Mb. No differences in DNA content were observed between KP1(+) and KP1(−) T. rangeli strains. Cultures containing mixtures of the epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and T. rangeli strains resulted in cell cycle profiles with distinct G1 peaks for strains of each species. These results demonstrate that DNA content analysis by flow cytometry is a reliable technique for discrimination between T. cruzi and T. rangeli isolated from different hosts.

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Sequencing and analysis of chromosomal extremities of Trypanosoma rangeli in comparison with Trypanosoma cruzi lineages

Cited by 7 publications

References 36 publications

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Genome of the Avirulent Human-Infective Trypanosome—Trypanosoma rangeli

Genome Sequencing of Giardia lamblia Genotypes A2 and B Isolates (DH and GS) and Comparative Analysis with the Genomes of Genotypes A1 and E (WB and Pig)

DNA content analysis allows discrimination between Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli

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