Sequential Deposition of High‐Quality Photovoltaic Perovskite Layers via Scalable Printing Methods

Guo, Fei; He, Wenxin; Qiu, Shudi; Wang, Chuan; Liu, Xianhu; Forberich, Karen; Brabec, Christoph J.; Mai, Yaohua

doi:10.1002/adfm.201900964

Cited by 82 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[5] Despite these impressive achievements, most of the reported high efficiency devices were fabricated by spin-coating which allows to prepare small-size perovskite films using small volume of solution, although most solution is wasted during spinning. To further advance the technology toward industrial aspirations, it is highly imperative to redevelop facile and robust deposition protocols that can be used for fabrication of perovskite films via scalable printing methods.Recently, several scalable deposition techniques have been developed to prepare perovskite films, such as spray-coating, [8] doctor-blading, [9][10][11][12][13][14] slot-die coating, [2,[15][16][17] and so on. To further advance the technology toward industrial aspirations, it is highly imperative to redevelop facile and robust deposition protocols that can be used for fabrication of perovskite films via scalable printing methods.…”

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A Generalized Crystallization Protocol for Scalable Deposition of High‐Quality Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

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Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have raised considerable scientific interest due to their high cost‐efficiency potential for photovoltaic solar energy conversion. As PSCs already are meeting the efficiency requirements for renewable power generation, more attention is given to further technological barriers as environmental stability and reliability. However, the most major obstacle limiting commercialization of PSCs is the lack of a reliable and scalable process for thin film production. Here, a generic crystallization strategy that allows the controlled growth of highly qualitative perovskite films via a one‐step blade coating is reported. Through rational ink formulation in combination with a facile vacuum‐assisted precrystallization strategy, it is possible to produce dense and uniform perovskite films with high crystallinity on large areas. The universal application of the method is demonstrated at the hand of three typical perovskite compositions with different band gaps. P‐i‐n perovskite solar cells show fill factors up to 80%, underpinning the statement of the importance of controlling crystallization dynamics. The methodology provides important progress toward the realization of cost‐effective large‐area perovskite solar cells for practical applications.

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“…Recently, several scalable deposition techniques have been developed to prepare perovskite films, such as spray-coating, [8] doctor-blading, [9][10][11][12][13][14] slot-die coating, [2,[15][16][17] and so on. Among…”

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A Generalized Crystallization Protocol for Scalable Deposition of High‐Quality Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2019

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32] XRD patterns, testified a complete conversion of precursors into perovskite phases. The SEF-SC protocol, avoids the usage of toxic and dangerous solvents, solving an important step of perovskite solar cell technology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eco‐Friendly Spray Deposition of Perovskite Films on Macroscale Textured Surfaces

Sansoni

Bastiani

Aydın

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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are directly realized on top of a silicon bottom cell. Utilizing commercial crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers brings a technological challenge since the perovskite device needs then to be fabricated on wafers that feature micron-scale randomly distributed pyramidal texture, an imperative characteristic for industrial c-Si solar cells for minimizing reflection losses. The PSCs owe their present prominence to their high PCE obtained via solutiondeposition techniques, which is arguably cheaper and simpler compared to conventional vacuum-based deposition for device fabrication. From this perspective, it is required to make solution-based processing of perovskite solar cells compatible with the use of micron-scale textured substrates. Among solution processing techniques, spin coating is widespread due to its process simplicity, ease of access, and because high-quality polycrystalline perovskite films can be obtained. However, this technique is not suitable for upscaling toward industrialization. Also, considering suggestions for large-scale applications in which spin coating is translated into blade coating, the application of this technique usually results in high material consumption, which is undesirable for a sustainable low-cost production. Moreover, spin coating the perovskite layer on textured silicon bottom cells represents a challenge by itself which, to date, reportedly led to poor coverage of the films resulting in low-performing tandems. [2,3] At present, 2T tandems are mainly realized following two approaches. In the first case, the c-Si bottom cell features a mirror-polished flat front surface to accommodate spin-coated perovskite films. However, this causes reflection losses in the device, which hamper the overall PCE and require additional antireflective coatings or foils. [4] In the second case, the perovskite is deposited on textured c-Si via hybrid conversion, where the perovskite precursors, lead(II) iodide (PbI 2 ) and cesium bromide (CsBr), are thermally evaporated on the c-Si bottom cell and then converted into perovskite by spin coating the organic ammonium salts (formamidinium iodide/bromide, FAI, and FABr, respectively). [2] In this case, the limiting factor is represented by fine-tuning the conversion process. Overall, both techniques strongly rely on spin coating as a deposition/ conversion method, which still represents a roadblock toward scaling-up for commercialization. Indeed, for successful PV An innovative sequential eco-friendly spray coating (SEF-SC) technique is developed to uniformly deposit metal halide perovskite films on macroscale textured surfaces, such as textured crystalline-silicon wafers. Contrasting with previous work on spray-coated perovskite solar cells, the method presented in this work completely avoids the use of toxic and dangerous solvents. Both MAPbI 3 and CsFAMAPbI 3−x Br x perovskite films deposited by SEF-SC show excellent optoelectronic properties and no phase segregation, even when synthesized in ambient conditions. Uniform perovskite coatings are obtained...

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“…Benefitted by the quality improvement of the perovskite films, the high PCE of 18.44% with negligible hysteresis is achieved, which is enhanced by 7% compared with the reference one. Thus, this facile air‐retreatment strategy has great potential application in PSCs, especially for large‐area printed PSCs …”

Section: The Performance Parameters Of Reference and Air‐retreated Dementioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Air‐Retreatment Strategy for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Dai

Xiong

Zhan

et al. 2020

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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A simple air‐retreatment strategy is proposed to improve the performance of the inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This air‐retreatment impact on the physical properties and corresponding performance of the devices is systematically studied. The results show that the grain size of perovskite films is enhanced by this method, and the high quality of MAPbI3 films is successfully prepared. The average grain size of 3.91 μm and the largest grain size exceeding 9 μm are achieved, and the trap states are reduced from 4.05 × 1016 cm−3 to 1.60 × 1016 cm−3. Benefitted by the relatively larger grain size, lower trap density, and higher crystallinity, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.44% and negligible hysteresis are obtained. This air‐retreatment strategy has great potential in the large‐scale, low‐temperature preparation of efficient and stable PSCs.

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Sequential Deposition of High‐Quality Photovoltaic Perovskite Layers via Scalable Printing Methods

Cited by 82 publications

References 34 publications

A Generalized Crystallization Protocol for Scalable Deposition of High‐Quality Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

A Generalized Crystallization Protocol for Scalable Deposition of High‐Quality Perovskite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications

Eco‐Friendly Spray Deposition of Perovskite Films on Macroscale Textured Surfaces

A Facile Air‐Retreatment Strategy for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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