Sero‐prevalence and risk factors of <i>Brucella</i> presence in farm bulk milk from open and zero grazing cattle production systems in Rwanda

Djangwani, Juvenal; Abong, George Ooko; Njue, L. G.; Kaindi, Dasel Wambua Mulwa

doi:10.1002/vms3.562

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Only three risk factors were associated with caprine brucellosis in this study, while the following ten risk factors were characterized to be associated with bovine brucellosis in Rwanda. The use of an open grazing system, a history of abortion, a history of longer calving intervals (> 1 year), and the retention of the placenta were all significant risk factors for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies in cow milk (76). Old age (> 5 years), cattle farmed close to wildlife, herds of cattle mixed with small ruminants, history of abortions, and replacement animals were significantly associated with brucellosis (13).…”

Section: Factors At the Herd Level That Influence Brucellosis In Goatsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda

Habimana

Ntivuguruzwa

Uwimana³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Caprine brucellosis, normally caused by Brucella melitensis in goats, is endemic in Rwanda. However, reliable data on caprine brucellosis in Rwanda is insufficient and data on the prevalence and risk factors linked with goats brucellosis in the district of Nyagatare is unknown. A cross-sectional study was conducted among herds of goats in six sectors of Nyagatare district (n =102), to characterise factors at herd level associated with brucellosis seroprevalence in goats. Serum from goats was screened using both the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and the Rose Bengal test (RBT). A tested systematic questionnaire was used to obtain data about major risk factors for brucellosis. Brucellosis seroprevalence was 6.8% and 10.7% on RBT and iELISA respectively. The overall seroprevalence was 6.8% on animal level and 16.6% on the herd level in series with RBT and iELISA. Mixing a herd of cattle and goats and history of abortions were the risk factors identified to be considerably linked with Brucella seropositive herd (p < 0.05). This study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the area, and a one-health strategy for controlling and preventing brucellosis in the Nyagatare district is strongly recommended. The study recommends an awareness campaign to educate all livestock farmers on brucellosis, further studies are recommended to characterize the Brucella spp. in small ruminants in Rwanda and recommend appropriate control measures.

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Section: Factors At the Herd Level That Influence Brucellosis In Goatsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda

Habimana

Ntivuguruzwa

Uwimana³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…No studies have validated the milk-ring test in these animals and as it depends on the specific characteristics and content of the fat in cow milk, it cannot be assumed that it works in other ruminants and in camelids [ 127 ]. Some iELISAs that have not been validated for diagnosis in milk are also often used to test this sample [ 60 , 105 , 128 , 130 , 131 ].…”

Section: One-health Challenges For Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis and One Health: Inherited and Future Challenges

et al. 2023

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One Health is the collaborative efforts of multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment, a concept that historically owes much to the study of brucellosis, including recent political and ethical considerations. Brucellosis One Health actors include Public Health and Veterinary Services, microbiologists, medical and veterinary practitioners and breeders. Brucellosis awareness, and the correct use of diagnostic, epidemiological and prophylactic tools is essential. In brucellosis, One Health implementation faces inherited and new challenges, some aggravated by global warming and the intensification of breeding to meet growing food demands. In endemic scenarios, disease awareness, stakeholder sensitization/engagement and the need to build breeder trust are unresolved issues, all made difficult by the protean characteristics of this zoonosis. Extended infrastructural weaknesses, often accentuated by geography and climate, are critically important. Capacity-building faces misconceptions derived from an uncritical adoption of control/eradication strategies applied in countries with suitable means, and requires additional reference laboratories in endemic areas. Challenges for One Health implementation includee the lack if research in species other than cattle and small ruminants, the need for a safer small ruminant vaccine, the need to fill in the infrastructure gap, the need for realistic capacity-building, the creation of reference laboratories in critical areas, and the stepwise implementation of measures not directly transposed from the so-called developed countries.

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Sero‐prevalence and risk factors of Brucella presence in farm bulk milk from open and zero grazing cattle production systems in Rwanda

Djangwani

Abong

Njue

et al. 2021

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background Animal and human brucelloses have been reported in Rwanda, human brucellosis being linked to drinking inadequately heat‐treated milk. However, information on Brucella detection and prevalence in milk produced in Rwanda is limited. Objectives To determine the sero‐prevalence and risk factors of Brucella in farm bulk milk from zero and open grazing cattle production systems in Rwanda. Methods A total of 330 farm bulk milk samples were collected from 198 zero grazing farms and 132 open grazing farms in a cross‐sectional study in Rwanda. Sero‐prevalence of Brucella in milk was analysed using indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A questionnaire was administered to farmers to determine the risk factors of milk contamination with Brucella. Results Anti‐Brucella antibodies were prevalent in 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI), 15.5–24.4) of the 330 collected farm bulk milk. Sero‐prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in open grazing farms (37.9% [50/132]) than in zero grazing farms (7.6% [15/198]). Practising open grazing system (odds ratio, OR = 69.5; 95% CI = 1.6–3033.6), history of abortion (OR = 19.5; 95% CI = 8.1–46.8) and placenta retention (OR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.7–10.3) were the significant risk factors for the presence of anti‐Brucella antibodies in milk. Conclusion Notably, more than a third of farm bulk milk from open grazing farms in Rwanda contains Brucella antibodies. Considering the zoonotic nature of Brucella, there is a need to reinforce brucellosis control programs in the country.

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Sero‐prevalence and risk factors of Brucella presence in farm bulk milk from open and zero grazing cattle production systems in Rwanda

Cited by 6 publications

References 61 publications

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with brucellosis in goats in Nyagatare district, Rwanda

Brucellosis and One Health: Inherited and Future Challenges

Sero‐prevalence and risk factors of Brucella presence in farm bulk milk from open and zero grazing cattle production systems in Rwanda

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