Serological and psychological assessment of patients with oral lichen planus using serum cortisol levels and hads questionnaire—a case control study

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated chronic autoimmune disorder directed against antigens secreted by the basal cell layer, with an incidence of 0.02-0.22% in Indian population and showing female predilection. Stress is considered one of the etiological factors in the causation, progression, and recurrence of this disease. To evaluate the levels of serum cortisol, anxiety, and depression in patients with symptomatic OLP and to correlate the levels of serum cortisol with anxiety and depression. Sixty subjects were categorized into two groups. Group A: 30 adults with no history of OLP and no psychological history of anxiety and depression. Group B: 30 patients with clinically and histopathologically diagnosed symptomatic OLP. The subjects in both groups were evaluated for anxiety and depression levels using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and serum cortisol levels (8-9 am sample) using the chemiluminiscence method. Higher Serological and psychological assessment of patients with OLP

Psychological profile and unexpected pain in oral lichen planus: A case–control multicenter SIPMO studya

“…Until now, a few single‐center studies have evaluated the prevalence of mood disorders in OLP (Adamo et al. 2015; Chaitanya et al., 2020; Manczyk et al. 2019; Vallejo et al.…”

“…Until now, a few single-center studies have evaluated the prevalence of mood disorders in OLP (Adamo et al 2015;Chaitanya et al, 2020;Manczyk et al 2019;Vallejo et al 2001;, analyzing the differences between K-OLP and nK-OLP, with unclear results (Rojo-Moreno et al 1998), and no evident relationships between intensity and quality of pain (Larsen et al 2017).…”

Serum Cortisol Levels in Lichen Planus

“…About 57.14% estimated the serum cortisol levels by using Electrochemiluminescence method,[ 1 3 5 10 ] whereas the remaining methods were ELISA in one study (14.28%),[ 11 ] Chemiluminescence in another study (14.28%),[ 12 ] and Enhanced Lanthanide Fluoroimmunoassay in yet another study (14.28%). [ 13 ] All the seven studies (100%) analyzed serum cortisol levels in both LP and control group, which resulted in statistically higher serum cortisol levels than the control group.…”

“…The standard mean difference of five studies (71.42%) favoring control group were 1.52 μg/dl (0.72,2.31),[ 10 ] 6.69 μg/dl (5.03,8.35),[ 11 ] 0.99 μg/dl (0.41,1.57),[ 3 ] 0.78 μg/dl (0.26,1.31),[ 12 ] and 1.81 μg/dl (1.20,2.42),[ 5 ] respectively. Though there was a statistical significant serum cortisol levels in case group than control group, meta analysis of these five studies does not favor the case group.…”

Characteristics of the psychopathological status of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…All the studies used a 1) used professional psychometric scales, mainly focusing on anxiety and depression. The following instruments were used: seven studies used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS), [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] ; five studies used the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 9,[22][23][24][25] ; four studies used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) [26][27][28][29] ; three studies used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 28,30,31 ; four used the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Test (HAM-A) [32][33][34][35] ; one study used the Hamilton rating scale for Depression (HAM-D) 34 ; two studies used the Selfrating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) 36,37 ; one study used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) 38 ; and one study used the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). 32 Two studies on personality characteristics used the following scales: one study used the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) 36 and the other used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).…”