Seroprevalence and clinico-epidemiological correlates of hepatitis C viral antibodies at an antenatal booking clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Okusanya, BO; Aigere, E. O. S.; Eigbefoh, J; Ikheloa, J

doi:10.1007/s00404-013-2773-4

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As revealed in this study, HCV prevalence has no statistically signi cant association with any of the potential risk factors for HCV even though it was higher among participants with histories of multiple sexual partners and shared needles. This nding is analogous to a previous Nigerian study by Okusanya et al [18] as well as an Ethiopian report by Dabsu and Ejeta [15]. Moreover, since both HIV and HCV or HBV and HCV share common risk factors and mode of transmission, it will be equally important to incorporate information on HCV risk factors into HIV/AIDS and HBV intervention strategies in Nigeria as an alternative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibodies of 1.3% was higher than 0.5% reported previously in Anyigba, Nigeria by Omatola et al [16] and 0.3% reported in India by Parveen et al [17] in an antenatal population in India, but similar to 1.6% reported in a recent Ethiopian study by Dagnew et al [14]. However, this rate was lower than 3.9% reported by Okusanya et al in Irrua, Nigeria [18] as well as ndings of other epidemiological studies that revealed a prevalence of 2 to 4% [16,19,20]. Our ndings were also lower than 8.07% found in a study in Ethiopia [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

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Awareness and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A National Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

Eleje

Rabiu

Mbachu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) may constitute one of the viral hepatitis with high burden in Nigeria, there is no national data on its awareness and burden among pregnant women to justify its routine screening. Objectives: To investigate awareness, seroprevalence and risk factors for HCV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria.Methods: A total of 159 pregnant women from antenatal clinics across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria consented to anti-HCV testing by third generation ELISA and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction technique. Confirmed HCV positive women were further tested for hepatitis B and HIV. The women were evaluated for the presence of known risk factors for HCV infection. Odds ratios (ORs), adjusted ORs (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant.Findings: Of the 159 participants, 77 (48.4%; 95% CI, 38.2% to 60.5%) were aware of HCV infection and awareness of HCV was associated with participants’ young age (OR=2.21; 95%CI=1.16 to 4.21), high educational level (OR=3.29; 95%CI=1.63 to 6.64) and participants’ occupation (OR=0.51; 95%CI=0.26 to 0.99). In multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between awareness of HCV and participants’ young age (aOR=1.60; 95%CI=1.09 to 2.35; p=0.018) and high educational level (aOR=1.48; 95%CI=1.17 to 1.86;p=0.001)remained significant. HCV seroprevalence was found to be 1.3% (95%CI=0.2% to 4.5%). All (100.0%, 95%CI=12.1 to 100.0%) the HCV-positive participants and 99 (63.1%, 95%CI=51.3% to 76.8%) HCV-negative participants had identifiable HCV risk factors. Dual seropositivity of anti-HCV/anti-HIV and anti-HCV/HBsAg each accounted for 1.3% and none of the participants was triply infected or mono-infected with HCV. The more commonly identified risk factors were multiple sexual partners, 25 (15.7%), shared needles, 22 (13.8%), and blood transfusion, 18 (11.3%). The risk factor variables did not have significant association with HCV positive status.Conclusion: There is lack of awareness regarding HCV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria and awareness is positively influenced by young age and high educational level. The prevalence of HCV is high and provides preliminary evidence to justify routine screening in antenatal clinics. There is also a need for enlightenment programs in communities and antenatal clinics. FundingTETFund National Research Fund 2019 (Grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/NRF/STI/33).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Awareness and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A National Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

Eleje

Rabiu

Mbachu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…In Nigeria, although hepatitis of other viral origin is widely recognized, [19][20][21] the HEV situation is still largely unknown because incidence of the disease and its etiologic agent are likely underreported. Human HEV genotype 2 infection in Nigeria has been documented 14 and the prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in humans is~13.4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Domestic Pigs in Nigeria

Owolodun¹,

Gerber²,

Giménez-Lirola³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute hepatitis in humans. Zoonotic transmission between pigs and humans has been confirmed. Human HEV infection is common in Nigeria; however, characterization of HEV infection in other species was lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate HEV infection in Nigerian pigs. A total of 286 serum samples from six states in Nigeria were tested for presence of anti-HEV IgG. Ninety fecal samples from one of these states (Plateau State) were tested for presence of HEV RNA. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV IgG-positive or suspect-positive pigs was 55.6% (159 of 286) with regional prevalence rates ranging from 36% (9 of 25; Delta State) to 88% (22 of 25; Taraba State). The overall HEV RNA prevalence rate was 76.7% (69 of 90). All polymerase chain reaction-positive samples belonged to HEV genotype 3 based on sequencing. The results indicate that HEV genotype 3 infection is widespread in Nigerian pigs.

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“…HCV prevalence variation might be explained by the interaction with western countries in Maghreb countries with more open communities than in Libya [58] Eastern Africa 2-2.9% [65] in some reports, and 0% to 2% in others [66] Studies of HCV prevalence are scarce and controversial [65] Southern Africa Has not been well studied [65] Endemicity estimates put the region in the intermediate group [65] Central Africa Prevalence is 4.3% among pregnant women [68][69][70] One of the most heavily infected parts of the world, reaching > 13% in some countries [67]. Cameroon has the highest prevalence (13.8%), followed by Burundi (11.3%) and Gabon (9.2%) [67] Western Africa The prevalence among pregnant women is 3% in Nigeria [71] and 2.2% in Burkina Faso [72] Highly endemic for HCV [71,72] 81]. After delivery, the maternal immune system regains its baseline activity with the resultant decrease in viral load and increase in immune-mediated hepatocyte damage and consequently ALT level [82].…”

Section: Natural History Of Hcv Infection In Infected Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus: an update

El‐Shabrawi¹,

Kamal²,

Mogahed³

et al. 2020

aoms

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Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem worldwide. A large proportion of perinatal HCV infections are silent and may present later in adulthood with long-term complications. HCV has no effective immune prophylaxis and hence appropriate follow-up of all infants born to HCV-infected mothers is necessary. Universal antenatal screening for HCV is largely debatable. Intrauterine and partum transmission of HCV are both possible and higher rates are associated with a high maternal serum viral load (> 10 6 copies per milliliter), concomitant HIV infection, prolonged or difficult delivery, and invasive fetal monitoring during delivery. Infection during pregnancy and infancy needs to be investigated more in order to design management strategies for perinatal transmission of HCV most effectively. The recently approved new-generation, oral, direct-acting antiviral drugs may open a new era in HCV therapy for pregnant women and infected infants if proved to be safe during conception and infancy.

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Seroprevalence and clinico-epidemiological correlates of hepatitis C viral antibodies at an antenatal booking clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Abstract: Despite the 3.9 % prevalence, routine screening for hepatitis C virus infection in pregnancy is unjustified. Risk-based screening using locally prevailing risk factors with antenatal monitoring and postpartum treatment of women with hepatitis C antibodies is recommended.

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Awareness and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A National Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

Awareness and Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Nigeria: A National Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

First Report of Hepatitis E Virus Circulation in Domestic Pigs in Nigeria

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis C virus: an update

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