Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Brazil: how has the situation changed after 10 years?

Lins, Talita Nayara Bezerra; Souza, Islanne Barbosa de; Barros, Guilherme Mota Maciel do Rêgo; Santos, Cléber Vinícius Brito dos; Silva, Rômulo Pessoa e; Alves, Lêucio Câmara; Carvalho, Gílcia Aparecida de; Ramos, Rafael Antonio Nascimento

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0087-2018

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Besides, it is very close to humans acting as a competent domestic reservoir ( 32 , 33 ). In Brazil, seroprevalence in dogs and cats ranges from 2.4 to 32% ( 34 ) and 0.7 to 30.48%, respectively ( 35 – 37 ). However, the role of cats in L. infantum epidemiology is still in its infancy and should be more explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum: Parasite Sequencing, Seropositivity, and Clinical Characterization in an Endemic Area From Brazil

et al. 2021

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Zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is a disease of One Health concern since human and animal cases and environmental damage are interconnected. L. infantum has a complex epidemiological cycle with multiple hosts, including mammals—humans, domestic, and wild animals—and arthropod vectors. Knowledge on mammal infections in endemic areas is crucial for developing control strategies. This work aimed to detect and characterize L. infantum infection in domestic cats from areas where human and canine leishmaniasis cases occur. No cases of feline leishmaniasis (FeL) had been previously reported in those areas. Five municipalities from Bahia state were chosen, comprising 2,480.8 km2 with 1,103,866 inhabitants. Ninety domiciliated and/or sheltered cats underwent clinical examination and serology by a rapid reference test recommended by the Brazilian government. Cytology, PCR, and parasite DNA sequencing were performed in bone marrow samples. Rapid tests detected antibodies in 5.6% (5/90) of the cats. Leishmania infantum infection was confirmed in 7.8% (7/90) of the cats by PCR, sequencing, and parasite isolation. Three out of the five municipalities (60%) had infected cats, and PCR positivity varied from 6.9 to 29%. One cat was categorized as harboring active L. infantum infection with amastigote forms in bone marrow smears. No clinical signs were detected at the first clinical exam, but 1 month later the cat developed severe FeL. The cat isolate was grown in culture, typed and its DNA sequence was homologous to the L. infantum reference strain (PP75). In conclusion, cats are potential hosts and may acquire L. infantum in endemic areas where canine and human cases occur. For cats, the need for surveillance, differential diagnosis and clinical care is highly recommended since a fast clinical progression of FeL developed in a subclinical animal. An accurate standardized immunodiagnostic assay for FeL is warranted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum: Parasite Sequencing, Seropositivity, and Clinical Characterization in an Endemic Area From Brazil

et al. 2021

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“…Estudos epidemiológicos têm sido realizados, pois são importantes para encontrar e caracterizar as principais áreas de alta incidência de LV 17 . A análise espacial é uma das técnicas empregadas, a qual é amplamente utilizada e pode também indicar a distribuição das populações vetoriais e identificar as principais áreas que mostram dependência espacial entre o LVC e a LV hu-mana, contribuindo assim para o controle da doença 18 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Detection and molecular characterization of Leishmania in dogs from northeastern Brazil

Evaristo

Silva

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Braz. Jour. Global Health

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the current seroprevalence of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) among domiciled dogs, factors associated with seropositivity, circulating Leishmania species and spatial analysis, in six municipalities in the Sertão and São Francisco mesoregions, which are located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Blood samples from 330 dogs were analyzed using serological and molecular assays: dual path platform (DPP®); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequences of four gene markers (kDNA, cathepsin L-like, SSU-rDNA and gGAPDH) were explored to perform a phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was 13% (43/330) in dogs that were simultaneously positive according to DPP® ELISA and IFAT, consisting of 13.9% (23/165) in Sertão and 12.1% (20/165) in São Francisco. The factors associated with high prevalence of L. infantum antibodies in dogs comprised living in the municipality of Petrolina (P = 0.045) and presenting ocular lesions (P = 0.049) (P ≤ 0.05). Significant clusters of positive dogs were found in rural areas. The positivity values obtained through PCR based on the genes kDNA and cathepsin L-like were 6.7% (22/330) and 2.4% (8/330), respectively. In the phylogenetic analysis, it was observed that all the isolates obtained showed 100% similarity to Leishmania infantum. CONCLUSION: For the first time, L. infantum was confirmed as the etiological agent of CanL in this region. Thus, assessment of the genetic structure of populations of Leishmania spp. is important for understanding the patterns for transmission of CanL.

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“…This test is recommended for screening dogs infected with CanL, and in our study, it is demonstrated that its use, along with parasitological examination and PCR, can be highly useful for Leishmania sp. diagnosis in surveys (Grimaldi Júnior et al 2012 ; Paltrinieri et al 2016 ; Lins et al 2018 ; Sales et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region, Northeastern Brazil: a comparative study with four groups of animals

et al. 2021

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Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and remains an important public health concern in tropical areas. In Brazil, domestic dogs are considered the most relevant reservoir of the parasite and one of the main targets of the disease control actions. Considering this, we aimed herein to evaluate the CanL infection in different canine groups and distribution of cases in the state of Sergipe, an endemic region in Northeastern Brazil. The evaluated 467 animals were classified into four groups: hunting ( n = 50), company ( n = 64), guard ( n = 140), and wandering ( n = 213). Samples (blood, bone marrow, conjunctival swab, and lymph node aspirate) were collected from animals in nine municipalities of Sergipe. First, all animals were submitted to general and ophthalmic clinical examination. Next, they were tested serologically by TR-DPP®, and for the presence of Leishmania , amastigotes in samples of bone marrow, conjunctival swab, and lymph node aspirate were diagnosed by PCR and parasitological techniques. It was observed that 34.69% (162) of the evaluated dogs were seropositive. The highest rates of positivity were found in hunting 54% (27/50; OR = 3.52; p -value = 0.001) and guard dogs 42.14% (59/140; OR = 2.18; p -value = 0.01). Otherwise, the highest percentage of symptomatic dogs was observed in wandering animals (85%; OR = 9.63; p -value < 0.0001). The distribution of case analysis showed that the highest positivity rates occurred in inland municipalities situated in arid regions. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hunting and guard dogs are among the animals most exposed and affected by clinical manifestations of CanL, mainly in the inland municipalities of Sergipe State. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00436-021-07319-0.

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Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Brazil: how has the situation changed after 10 years?

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Feline Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum: Parasite Sequencing, Seropositivity, and Clinical Characterization in an Endemic Area From Brazil

Feline Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania infantum: Parasite Sequencing, Seropositivity, and Clinical Characterization in an Endemic Area From Brazil

Detection and molecular characterization of Leishmania in dogs from northeastern Brazil

Canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region, Northeastern Brazil: a comparative study with four groups of animals

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