Serotonergic systems in the spinal cord of the amphibian urodele
            <i>Pleurodeles waltl</i>

Branchereau, Pascal; Jj, Rodríguez Martínez; Delvolvé, Isabelle; Abrous, Djoher Nora; M, Le Moal; Jm, Cabelguen

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000327)419:1<49::aid-cne3>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…However, previous anatomical and electrophysiological studies did not show reinnervation of the infra‐injury spinal cord 3–4 weeks post‐transection (Davis et al. , 1990; Branchereau et al. , 2000; Chevallier et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscarinic control of the excitability of hindlimb motoneurons in chronic spinal‐transected salamanders

Chevallier

Nagy

Cabelguen

2008

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The excitability of spinal motoneurons (MNs) is regulated by acetylcholine via the activation of muscarinic receptors. The objective of the present study was to determine whether this cholinergic modulation of MN excitability is altered following a chronic spinal cord transection. Juvenile salamanders (Pleurodeles waltlii) were spinally transected at the mid-trunk level, and patch-clamp recordings from hindlimb MNs in spinal cord slices were performed 9-30 days after transection, with and without bath application of muscarine (20 mum). Our results showed that the input-output relationship was larger in MNs recorded 2 weeks after spinal transection than in MNs recorded 3-4 weeks after spinal transection. They further revealed that muscarine increased both the gain of MNs and the proportion of MNs that could exhibit plateau potentials and afterdischarges, whereas it decreased the amplitude of the medium afterhypolarizing potential. Moreover, muscarine had no effect on the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (I(h)), whereas it increased the inward rectifying K(+) current (I(Kir)) in MNs recorded > or = 2 weeks after spinal transection. We conclude that following chronic spinal cord injury, the muscarinic modulation of some intrinsic properties of MNs previously reported in acute spinal-transected animals [S. Chevallier et al. (2006)The Journal of Physiology, 570, 525-540] was preserved, whereas that of other intrinsic properties of MNs was suppressed, either transiently (I(Kir)) or definitively (I(h)). These alterations in muscarinic modulation of MN excitability may contribute to the spontaneous recovery of locomotion displayed in long-term chronic spinal-transected salamanders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscarinic control of the excitability of hindlimb motoneurons in chronic spinal‐transected salamanders

Chevallier

Nagy

Cabelguen

2008

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…Adult lampreys, stingrays, long-nose garfish, newts, chicks, monkeys, and young mice commonly have 5-HT-positive spinal cord interneurons (Lamotte et al, 1982; Ritchie et al, 1983; Van Dongen et al, 1985; Sako et al, 1986; Branchereau et al, 2000). Interestingly, Branchereau et al (2002) reported that supraspinal 5-HT innervation inhibits the expression of 5-HT interneurons in the developing mouse spinal cord.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic innervation of the caudal spinal stump in rats after complete spinal transection: Effect of olfactory ensheathing glia

Takeoka

Kubasak

Zhong

et al. 2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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Spinal cord injury studies use the presence of serotonin (5-HT)-immunoreactive axons caudal to the injury site as evidence of axonal regeneration. As olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) transplantation improves hindlimb locomotion in adult rats with complete spinal cord transection, we hypothesized that more 5-HT-positive axons would be found in the caudal stump of OEG-than media-injected rats. Previously we found 5-HT-immunolabeled axons that spanned the transection site only in OEGinjected rats but detected labeled axons just caudal to the lesion in both media-and OEG-injected rats. Now we report that many 5-HT-labeled axons are present throughout the caudal stump of both media-and OEG-injected rats. We found occasional 5-HT-positive interneurons that are one likely source of 5-HT-labeled axons. These results imply that the presence of 5-HT-labeled fibers in the caudal stump is not a reliable indicator of regeneration. We then asked if 5-HT-positive axons appose cholinergic neurons associated with motor functions: central canal cluster and partition cells (active during fictive locomotion) and somatic motor neurons (SMNs). We found more 5-HT-positive varicosities in lamina X adjacent to central canal cluster cells in lumbar and sacral segments of OEGthan media-injected rats. SMNs and partition cells are less frequently apposed. As nonsynaptic release of 5-HT is common in the spinal cord, an increase in 5-HT-positive varicosities along motorassociated cholinergic neurons may contribute to the locomotor improvement observed in OEGinjected spinal rats. Furthermore, serotonin located within the caudal stump may activate lumbosacral locomotor networks. J. Comp. Neurol. 515: 664-676, 2009. Indexing termsplasticity; locomotion; OEG; spinal cord injury; 5-HT; ChAT; cholinergic neurons Adult cats and neonatal rats with completely transected spinal cords (i.e., spinal animals) can be trained to generate fairly coordinated patterns of hindlimb stepping on the treadmill in the absence of supraspinal connections (Lovely et al., 1986;Barbeau et al., 1987;de Leon et al., 1998;Joynes et al., 1999;Jordan and Schmidt, 2002;Edgerton et al., 2004;Kubasak et al., 2005). In contrast, adult spinal rats do not demonstrate coordinated locomotor stepping without therapeutic interventions. Electrical and/or pharmacological interventions, including serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists that likely activate central pattern generation in the lumbosacral cord, can facilitate bipedal stepping in adult spinal rats (Ichiyama et al., 2005;Lavrov et al., 2006;Gerasimenko et al., 2007). In addition to evidence from in vivo studies, in vitro neonatal models showed that 5-HT is involved in the alternating firing of the contralateral neural networks to *Correspondence to: Patricia E. Phelps, PhD, Dept. of Physiological Science, UCLA, Box 951606, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606. pphelps@physci.ucla.edu. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript elicit bilateral locomotor-like activity (Cazalets et al., ...

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“…It is reasonable to assume that all these markers highlight the same spinal population, although lineage tracing has not been performed and the loss of tph1a expression is surprising. Among other vertebrates spinal 5-HT neurons have been reported from a few representatives of amphibians (Branchereau et al, 2000), reptiles (Kiehn et al, 1992) and birds (Sako et al, 1986b). For further details about spinal 5-HT see Section 4.1.…”

Section: Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different sources of serotonergic innervation in teleost fishes and mammals (pretectal and raphe, respectively) suggest that the function of the pretectal serotonergic neurons in fish is executed by the raphe nuclei in mammals. The spinal cord of fish (Brustein et al, 2003b;Gabriel et al, 2009;Wallen et al, 1989) and a few other vertebrate species (Branchereau et al, 2000;Kiehn et al, 1992;Sako et al, 1986b) is another example where the function of serotonergic neurons is performed, at least partly, by a local population. In such species serotonergic cells are present all along the spinal cord.…”

Section: Does 5-ht Influence Adult Neurogenesis In Fishes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The serotonergic system in fish

Lillesaar

2011

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

267

246

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Serotonergic systems in the spinal cord of the amphibian urodele Pleurodeles waltl

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

Muscarinic control of the excitability of hindlimb motoneurons in chronic spinal‐transected salamanders

Muscarinic control of the excitability of hindlimb motoneurons in chronic spinal‐transected salamanders

Serotonergic innervation of the caudal spinal stump in rats after complete spinal transection: Effect of olfactory ensheathing glia

The serotonergic system in fish

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