Serotonin Platelet-Transporter Measures in Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Clinical versus Experimental Measures of Impulsivity

Oades, Robert D.; Slusarek, Michael; Velling, Silke; Bondy, Brigitta

doi:10.3109/15622970209150607

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The increased platelet 5-HT concentration and a positive correlation between impulsive symptoms and platelet 5-HT concentration is consistent with the findings obtained in depressed adult patients [30] and in juvenile offenders [20,31] . These results are in accordance with a report showing that impulsivity, as a dimension of extraversion, was correlated with central 5-HT function (prolactin response after fenfluramine challenge) in non-patient community-derived sample [11] , or in offenders with DSM-III-R personality disorders [32] , or that cognitive impulsivity, described as distractibility and low probability of response inhibition, was associated with altered affinity of the 5-HT transporterbinding site in children with ADHD [33] . Our data suggest that increased platelet 5-HT concentration in impulsive children with ADHD might be a trait marker, predictive of impulsivity in ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Platelet Serotonin Concentration in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Novković¹,

Rudan²,

Pivac³

et al. 2009

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder highly prevalent in children. The neurobiology of ADHD is still not clear, but is assumed to be related to disturbances in catecholaminergic and serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) systems. Peripheral indices of central 5-HT function were shown in recent studies to be lower, unaltered, or increased in ADHD. Methods: The study determined platelet 5-HT concentration in 84 medication-free 9-year-old (range 4–14 years) boys and girls with DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, subdivided according to the different symptoms (inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity) and clinical ADHD subtypes (predominantly hyperactive, predominantly inattentive, and combined subtype), and in 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: Children with ADHD had similar platelet 5-HT concentrations to control children. Platelet 5-HT concentration did not differ between boys and girls, or between children with a hyperactive, inattentive, or combined subtype of ADHD. In children with ADHD there was a significant positive correlation between platelet 5-HT concentration and impulsive symptoms, but not with symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity.Platelet 5-HT concentration wassignificantly higher in impulsive compared to non-impulsive children with ADHD. Conclusion: The data provide preliminary evidence that increased platelet 5-HT concentration might be a trait marker predictive of impulsivity in ADHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Platelet Serotonin Concentration in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Novković¹,

Rudan²,

Pivac³

et al. 2009

Neuropsychobiology

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“…Generalising from the metabolite data, a build-up of tryptophan and reduced 5-HIAA levels (reduced serotonin metabolism) in ADHD children reflected that the mother had experienced more complications, more life events and taken more supplements during the pregnancy. This is consistent with maternal anxiety leading to increased behavioural impulsivity in these children (Oades et al 2002(Oades et al , 2010b. The interpretation is also consistent with animal models, where, for example, adverse experience of the mother can be associated with adult problems in the offspring in mice associated with fronto-amygdaloid metabolism (Niwa et al 2011).…”

Section: Tryptophan Metabolismsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In our sample, infant health was not especially poor; however, the association with increased serotonin metabolism would suggest a relationship to the potential development of cognitive impulsivity (Oades et al 2002) and with increased IL-16 might point to a contribution to increased allergy sensitivities (Oades et al 2010a). …”

Section: Child Carementioning

confidence: 95%

An exploration of the associations of pregnancy and perinatal features with cytokines and tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Oades

2011

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Intra-individual variability of the characteristics of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) may reflect compromised glial energy supply in the synapse. We reported recently that while serum levels of a glial marker, the cytokine S100B, were not seriously altered, levels of other cytokines and tryptophan metabolites were related to symptoms, attention and variability. Here, we explore with a regression analysis whether levels of these substances were associated with features of the index pregnancy of potential aetiological significance. Serum was taken from 35 children with DSM-IV ADHD (14 on medication) and 21 typically developing controls to measure 8 cytokines (S100B, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-16, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and 5 metabolites (Tryptophan, Kynurenine, Kynurenate [KA], 3-hydroxy-kynurenine [3HK] and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid [5-HIAA]). The mothers received a 124-item questionnaire on features surrounding the pregnancy. (1) For children with ADHD, a shorter pregnancy and smaller birth weight were associated statistically with increased 3HK and IFN-γ and for obstetric problems with decreased TNF-α levels. (2) Maternal smoking related to decreasing kynurenine and increasing 3HK and S100B levels in ADHD children. Paternal smoking was associated with increased tryptophan in the controls and increased IL-6 levels in ADHD children. (3) The taking of supplements often related to decreasing TNF-α, increasing IL-10 and lower 5-HIAA levels in the ADHD children. Less 5-HIAA but more tryptophan was associated with earlier and later life events, respectively. (4) Increased IL-16 and 5-HIAA levels in the ADHD group related to reports of poorer infant health. Unexpectedly, more child care (seafood and time together) in ADHD than healthy families was implicated by lower tryptophan levels and an altered balance of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Across measures control families generally showed either non-significant associations or the opposite to those of the ADHD group. In ADHD children more than controls, the balance of potentially toxic or protective kynurenine metabolites and of pro- over anti-inflammatory cytokines may reflect the perinatal experience associated with stress, but not with maternal illness.

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“…This is consistent with the known effects of serotonin on impulsive behavior [Oades, 2002;Oades et al, 2002] and prior findings associating ADHD with serotonergic genes Li et al, 2004;Faraone et al, 2005;Smoller et al, 2005]. Longitudinal twin studies have provided systematic support for the tendency of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms to decline at a higher rate after age 7, however, inattention symptom showed greater stability during this age period Rietveld et al, 2004].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism predicts adolescent outcome of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Kang

Zhang

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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ADHD is generally deemed to be a highly heritable disorder with mean heritability of 0.75. The enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), which has both A and B types, has long been considered a candidate pathological substrate for ADHD, and more recently, the genes for both MAO enzymes have been examined as mediators of the illness. Previous studies indicated that 30-50% of children with ADHD will experience symptoms that persist into adolescence and will have more significant impairment in social and neuropsychological functioning compared to those whose symptoms have remitted. Genes may also influence these characteristics of the disorder, and in this context MAO genes may also be candidates for moderating the presentation of ADHD. The current study examined the association between adolescent outcome of ADHD and MAO gene polymorphisms, including the 941T > G polymorphism in exon 8 (rs1799835) and 1460C > T polymorphism in exon 14 (rs1137070) of the MAOA gene, and the A > G polymorphism in intron13 (rs1799836), C > T polymorphism in the 3'UTR (rs1040399), and 2327T > C polymorphism in exon15 of the MAOB gene. Significant associations were observed between the MAOA gene polymorphisms and ADHD remission. Due to the small sample size and the possibility of phenotypic and etiologic heterogeneity of ADHD outcomes across ethnic or geographic groups, these results must be replicated before they can be generalized to other populations.

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Serotonin Platelet-Transporter Measures in Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Clinical versus Experimental Measures of Impulsivity

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Platelet Serotonin Concentration in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Platelet Serotonin Concentration in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

An exploration of the associations of pregnancy and perinatal features with cytokines and tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Monoamine oxidase A gene polymorphism predicts adolescent outcome of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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