Serotonin Reuptake Is Less Efficient in Taste Aversion Resistant Than in Taste Aversion-Prone Rats

Elkins, Ralph L.; Orr, T. Edward; Li, J.Q; Walters, Paul; Whitford, Jennifer L.; Carl, G. F.; Rausch, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00263-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This is due in part to the fact that there is no clear consensus on the nature of aversion learning in general [e.g., novelty (Domjan and Gillan, 1976, Kalat, 1974, Hunt and Amit, 1987), toxicity (Riley and Tuck, 1985) , reward (Grigson, 1997)] or aversion learning specifically with alcohol. In relation to alcohol-induced aversions, several mechanisms have been proposed (see Baker and Cannon, 1982, Elkins et al , 2000, Orr et al , 1993), but the one that has received the most attention is alcohol-induced hypothermia (see Cunningham et al, 1988). Specifically, Cunningham and his colleagues have reported a direct relationship between the strength of aversions induced by alcohol and the degree of alcohol-induced hypothermia, i.e., the greater the alcohol-induced decrease in body temperature, the greater the strength of the aversion induced by alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to nicotine during periadolescence or early adulthood alters aversive and physiological effects induced by ethanol

Rinker

Hutchison

Chen

et al. 2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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The majority of smokers begin their habit during adolescence, which often precedes experimentation with alcohol. Interestingly, very little preclinical work has been done examining how exposure to nicotine during periadolescence impacts the affective properties of alcohol in adulthood. Understanding how periadolescent nicotine exposure influences the aversive effects of alcohol might help to explain why it becomes more acceptable to this preexposed population. Thus, Experiment 1 exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to either saline or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, IP) from postnatal day 34 to 43 (periadolescence) and then examined changes in the aversive effects of alcohol (0, 0.56, 1.0 and 1.8 g/kg, IP) in adulthood using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) design. Changes in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as well as alcohol-induced hypothermia and locomotor suppression were also assessed. To determine if changes seen were specific to nicotine exposure during periadolescence, the procedures were replicated in adults (Experiment 2). Preexposure to nicotine during periadolescence attenuated the acquisition of the alcohol-induced CTAs (at 1.0 g/kg) and the hypothermic effects of alcohol (1.0 g/kg). Adult nicotine preexposure produced similar attenuation in alcohol's aversive (at 1.8 g/kg) and hypothermic (1.8 g/kg) effects. Neither adolescent nor adult nicotine preexposure altered BACs or alcohol-induced locomotor suppression. These results suggest that nicotine can alter the aversive and physiological effects of alcohol, regardless of the age at which exposure occurs, possibly increasing its overall reinforcing value and making it more likely to be consumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to nicotine during periadolescence or early adulthood alters aversive and physiological effects induced by ethanol

Rinker

Hutchison

Chen

et al. 2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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show abstract

“…Attempting to determine how nicotine may be affecting ethanol to produce stronger aversions is somewhat difficult given that the nature of aversion learning with ethanol is not known. A variety of explanations for ethanol-induced aversions have been suggested (see Baker and Cannon 1982;Cunningham et al 1988;Elkins et al 2000Elkins et al , 2003Orr et al 1993); however, there is no consensus as to their mediation. One possible explanation for ethanol-induced aversions presented by Cunningham and his colleagues involves ethanol's hypothermic effects (see Cunningham et al 1988, The mean (±SEM) core body temperature (°Celsius) and decrease from controls at 15 and 60 min after injections for each group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nicotine on ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversions in Long–Evans rats

et al. 2008

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These data demonstrate that nicotine may interact with ethanol, increasing ethanol's aversive effects. Although the rewarding effects of concurrently administered nicotine and ethanol were not assessed, these data do indicate that the reported high incidence of nicotine and ethanol co-use is unlikely due to reductions in the aversiveness of ethanol with concurrently administered nicotine. It is more likely attributable to nicotine-related changes in ethanol's rewarding effects.

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“…In accord with this conclusion, the presently reported glutamate results were coincident with cocaine‐induced TAR versus TAP gene expression differences in the GABA, acetylcholine, and dopamine neurotransmitter systems (unpublished data). Moreover, TAR rats in comparison to TAP rats have decreased gene expression of the 5‐HT 3 receptor in amygdala,5 lower level of whole brain 5‐HT,11 and less efficient 5‐HT transporter function 12…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cocaine‐Induced Expression Differences in Glutamate Receptor Subunits and Transporters in Amygdalae of Taste Aversion‐Prone and Taste Aversion‐Resistant Rats

Elkins

Orr

Rausch

et al. 2003

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Serotonin Reuptake Is Less Efficient in Taste Aversion Resistant Than in Taste Aversion-Prone Rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Exposure to nicotine during periadolescence or early adulthood alters aversive and physiological effects induced by ethanol

Exposure to nicotine during periadolescence or early adulthood alters aversive and physiological effects induced by ethanol

The effects of nicotine on ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversions in Long–Evans rats

Cocaine‐Induced Expression Differences in Glutamate Receptor Subunits and Transporters in Amygdalae of Taste Aversion‐Prone and Taste Aversion‐Resistant Rats

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