Serum D‐lactate concentrations in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Abstract

Background Dogs infected with canine parvovirus (CPV) have compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Production of D‐lactate by enteric bacteria may directly reflect disease severity or contribute to metabolic acid‐base status in these dogs. Hypothesis Serum D‐lactate concentration will be increased in CPV dogs compared to healthy controls and correlate with markers of disease severity and acid‐base status. Animals Dogs with CPV undergoing treatment (n = 40) and healthy control dogs (n = 9). Methods Prospective observational study. Dogs with CPV had a baseline and daily CBC, venous blood gas with serum electrolyte concentrations, composite clinical severity score, and serum D‐lactate concentration performed. A single serum D‐lactate measurement was obtained from healthy control dogs. Results The CPV dogs had a higher D‐lactate concentration (mean ± SD) of 469 ± 173 μM compared to controls, 306 ± 45 μM (P < .001). There was no difference in baseline D‐lactate concentrations for CPV survivors (474 ± 28 μM), versus nonsurvivors (424 ± 116 μM; P = .70). D‐lactate concentration decreased over the first 4 days of treatment (−9.6 μM/d; P = .46). Dogs hospitalized for <4 days had lower baseline D‐lactate concentrations compared to those hospitalized ≥4 days (400 ± 178 μM versus 520 ± 152 μM; P = .03). No sustained correlation over time between serum D‐lactate concentration and clinical severity score or recorded acid‐base results. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Serum D‐lactate concentrations are higher in dogs with CPV compared to healthy controls but do not appear to be clinically relevant. No relationship identified between serum D‐lactate concentrations and markers of CPV disease severity, acid‐base status, or outcome.

Coagulation Abnormalities in Dogs with Parvoviral Enteritis

“…Metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia are common findings in dogs with CPE resulting from vomiting and diarrhea [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Three dogs presented lactic acidosis, which is consistent with the results of a recent study [ 47 ].…”

Intestinal Complication With Myxomatous Mitral Valve Diseases in Chihuahuas

“…The significant increase in D-lactate levels in dogs with heart failure in this study suggests that dogs with heart failure are at risk for intestinal mucosal injury. A study reported by Venn et al (31) demonstrated that D-lactate was significantly elevated in dogs with parvoviral enteritis; therefore, D-lactate possesses the potential for use as a biomarker in dogs. However, Memet et al (32) reported that D/L-Lactate is often increased at the end of severe intestinal injury and is considered inferior to I-FABP as a marker of intestinal mucosal injury.…”

“…In contrast, D-lactate is not produced in mammalian tissues but is produced by the methylglyoxal pathway and the enteric bacterial pathway; therefore, elevated D-lactate levels in the blood are considered to be of bacterial origin (26,27); in humans, blood D-lactate is known to be elevated in patients with diabetes, infection, ulcerative colitis, intestinal surgery, and intestinal necrosis (28)(29)(30). D-lactate could be considered a specific marker for intestinal mucosal injury since it flows into the portal bloodstream when intestinal mucosal epithelial injury occurs owing to intestinal ischemia, and abnormal intestinal bacterial growth occurs (31). Hence, it is expected to be a potential intestinal mucosal injury marker (32)(33)(34).…”

Dietary sodium butyrate protects lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in lambs through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway

“…The number of intestinal epithelial cells is decreased and intestinal permeability is increased in injury to the intestinal mucosal barrier. DLA is a metabolic and lytic product of intestinal bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli that exist in the intestinal tract (Venn et al 2020). DAO, as a sign of relative stability of intestinal mucosal maturity and integrity, is a highly active intracellular enzyme that can deaminate histamine (Zhao et al 2011).…”