Serum Dkk1 Is Correlated with γ Peak of Serum Electrophoresis in Multiple Myeloma: A Multicenter Biomarker Study

Abstract

Aim: DKK1 is reported to be produced at high levels by myeloma cells. Therefore, the applicability of DKK1 as a tumor marker for multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis was examined. Methods: Serum samples were collected and analyzed by DKK1 concentration kit and capillary zone electrophoresis. Then, the obtained results were statically analyzed. Results: It has been determined that the 10 ng/ml of DKK1 is the optimal level for MM diagnosis. Moreover, there was an ascending linear correlation between the DKK1 concentration and γ peak. Discussion: The observed correlation could be rooted in the positive feedback loop between MM cells and the mesenchymal stem cells. In view of these results, DKK1 could be deemed as diagnostic marker for MM.

Pierce into Structural Changes of Interactions Between Mutated Spike Glycoproteins and ACE2 to Evaluate Its Potential Biological and Therapeutic Consequences

“…These amino acids could be determined in vitro or silico (using bioinformatics tools). Bioinformatics is an expanding field applied in rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases using protein biomarkers (Hashemi et al 2019 ; Jamadi et al 2020 ; Khalili et al 2017 ; Khodashenas et al 2019 ; Mard-Soltani et al 2018 ; Rahbar et al 2019 ; Ramezani et al 2019 ), cost-effective production of vaccines (Asadi-Ghalehni et al 2018 ; Asadi-Ghalehni et al 2017 ), design of newer and more effective drugs (Hashemi et al 2021 ; Pourzardosht et al 2020 ), improving the quality and quantity of agricultural products, and a better understanding of the biological mechanisms (Noori et al 2020 ). Recently, an engineered ACE2 was designed and evaluated as a novel therapeutics against COVID-19 (Payandeh et al 2020 ).…”