Serum level of interleukin‐22 in patients with cutaneous warts: A case‐control study

Marie, Radwa El‐Sayed Mahmoud; Abuzeid, Aya Qamar Eldawla Mahmoud; Attia, Fadia M.; Anani, Maha; Gomaa, Amal H. A.; Atef, Lina M.

doi:10.1111/jocd.13779

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The effect of IL-22 on KC susceptibility to viral infection is incompletely studied. Anecdotal evidence observed in a single clinical case study showed that more severe HPV infection (as measured by wart count) positively correlated with IL-22 levels in the serum, supporting our observation that this cytokine promotes cutaneous viral susceptibility [43]. Our findings support the hypothesis that unique cytokine signatures present in the skin, e.g., subjects with the greatest expression of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22, would be at most risk of experiencing disseminated viral infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

JAK Signaling Is Critically Important in Cytokine-Induced Viral Susceptibility of Keratinocytes

Arnold

Peterson

Beck

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Little is known about whether type 1 (IFNγ), 2 (IL-4/IL-13), or 3 (IL-17A/IL-22) cytokines affect the susceptibility of keratinocytes (KC) to viruses. These immune pathways predominate in various skin diseases: lupus, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis, respectively. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are approved to treat both AD and psoriasis, and are in clinical development for lupus. We evaluated whether these cytokines alter viral susceptibility of KC and determined if this effect is modulated by treatment with JAKi. Viral susceptibility to vaccinia virus (VV) or herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) ± JAKi was assessed in immortalized and primary human KC pretreated with cytokines. Exposure to type 2 (IL-4 + IL-13) or the type 3 (IL-22) cytokines significantly increased KC viral susceptibility. Specifically, there was a peak increase of 12.2 ± 3.1-fold (IL-4 + IL-13) or 7.7 ± 2.8-fold (IL-22) in VV infection as measured by plaque number. Conversely, IFNγ significantly reduced susceptibility to VV (63.1 ± 64.4-fold). The IL-4 + IL-13-induced viral susceptibility was reduced (44 ± 16%) by JAK1 inhibition, while the IL-22-enhanced viral susceptibility was diminished (76 ± 19%) by TYK2 inhibition. IFNγ-mediated resistance to viral infection was reversed by JAK2 inhibition (366 ± 294% increase in infection). Cytokines expressed in AD skin (IL-4, IL-13, IL-22) increase KC viral susceptibility while IFNγ is protective. JAKi that target JAK1 or TYK2 reversed cytokine-enhanced viral susceptibility, while JAK2 inhibition reduced the protective effects of IFNγ.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

JAK Signaling Is Critically Important in Cytokine-Induced Viral Susceptibility of Keratinocytes

Arnold

Peterson

Beck

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Warts are a contagious skin disease primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) [ 123 ]. In comparison with healthy controls, patients with warts produced more IL-22 in the serum, and their IL-22 levels were positively related to the wart counts, suggesting that IL-22 is involved in the immune response against HPV [ 124 ]. Yellow fever (YF) is endemic in the tropics and is characterized by acute fever, jaundice, and proteinuria [ 125 , 126 ].…”

Section: Th22 Cells In Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge of Th22 Cell and IL-22 Functions in Infectious Diseases

et al. 2023

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T helper 22 (Th22) cells, a newly defined CD4+ T-cell lineage, are characterized by their distinct cytokine profile, which primarily consists of IL-13, IL-22 and TNF-α. Th22 cells express a wide spectrum of chemokine receptors, such as CCR4, CCR6 and CCR10. The main effector molecule secreted by Th22 cells is IL-22, a member of the IL-10 family, which acts by binding to IL-22R and triggering a complex downstream signaling system. Th22 cells and IL-22 have been found to play variable roles in human immunity. In preventing the progression of infections such as HIV and influenza, Th22/IL-22 exhibited protective anti-inflammatory characteristics, and their deleterious proinflammatory activities have been demonstrated to exacerbate other illnesses, including hepatitis B and Helicobacter pylori infection. Herein, we review the current understanding of Th22 cells, including their definition, differentiation and mechanisms, and the effect of Th22/IL-22 on human infectious diseases. According to studies on Th22 cells, Th22/IL-22 may be a promising therapeutic target and an effective treatment strategy for various infections.

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“…Warts are benign verrucous lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infecting epidermal or mucosal cells. 1 There are several types of warts, including common, filiform, plane, periungual, planter, oral, and genital (condylomata acuminata) warts. Warts are usually asymptomatic, and approximately 50% of cutaneous warts disappear over 1-2 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin‐18 serum level before and after intralesional immunotherapy with tuberculin purified protein derivative in patients with cutaneous and genital warts

korsa¹,

Nashaat

Halim

et al. 2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background Several studies demonstrated the efficacy of intralesional purified protein derivative (PPD) immunotherapy in warts eradication. Nevertheless, the precise induced immune mechanisms are undetermined. Injected PPD is hypothesized to induce a delayed hypersensitivity reaction associated with cytokines release. Interleukin (IL)‐18 has a major role in defense against viral infection via inducing interferon‐γ release from T‐helper 1 and natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, IL‐18 triggers Fas ligand expression on cytotoxic T cells and NK cells enhancing their cytotoxicity against virally infected cells. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the role of IL‐18 in the response to intralesional PPD injection in patients with warts. Methods The study included 25 patients with warts and 25 HCs. Patients underwent PPD skin test, and only patients with positive tests were included and received intralesional PPD injections starting 72 h after the test then every 2 weeks until wart clearance or a maximum of 3 sessions. Serum IL‐18 level was measured via enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay in patients (pre‐treatment and 2 weeks after the last injection) and HCs. Results After 3 sessions of injection, six (24%) patients were designated responders, nine (36%) patients showed partial response, and 10 (40%) patients were designated non‐responders. Serum IL‐18 level, post‐treatment, was significantly higher than pre‐treatment level (p = 0.025) and level in HCs (p = 0.036). Furthermore, the post‐treatment level was significantly higher in responders than non‐responders (p = 0.025). Conclusion IL‐18 is probably implicated in the immune mechanisms induced by PPD injection that cause eradication of warts.

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Serum level of interleukin‐22 in patients with cutaneous warts: A case‐control study

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

JAK Signaling Is Critically Important in Cytokine-Induced Viral Susceptibility of Keratinocytes

JAK Signaling Is Critically Important in Cytokine-Induced Viral Susceptibility of Keratinocytes

Current Knowledge of Th22 Cell and IL-22 Functions in Infectious Diseases

Interleukin‐18 serum level before and after intralesional immunotherapy with tuberculin purified protein derivative in patients with cutaneous and genital warts

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