Sesamol Enhances Cell Growth and the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Microalga <i>Crypthecodinium cohnii</i>

Liu, Bin; Jin, Lingxia; Sun, Peilong; Ma, Xiaonian; Jiang, Yue; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01441

Cited by 91 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…These results indicated that more of the malate could enter the TCA cylce to produce the acetyl-CoA precursor citrate ( Figure 5). Although downregulated malic enzyme reduces the production of NADPH, recent studies have shown that the NADPH produced by malic enzyme enters exclusively into the FAS pathway for SFA biosynthesis and is not involved in the PKS pathway for PUFA biosynthesis [35,36]. Downregulated ME coupled with decreased SFA content was also observed in this study.…”

Section: Transcriptomic Profiling Under Cold Temperaturessupporting

confidence: 72%

The effects of low temperature on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism

Hu¹,

Clevenger²,

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Schizochytrium are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in many species. In this study, the effects of low temperature on the biosynthesis of DHA in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Results Based on the de novo genome assembly (contig N50=2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification, we first reconstructed the detailed Schizochytrium fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are separately responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis in Schizochytrium . Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA in Schizochytrium, increasing the DHA content and overall total fatty acids from 43% to 65%. The increased DHA content, however, was not a result of the expression of the PKS pathway genes. Further gene expression analysis indicated that low temperatures may promote DHA accumulation by the up-regulation of both the pentose phosphate pathway and the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway (increasing the production of the substrates for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis: acetyl-CoA and NADPH). In addition, low temerpatures result in a down-regulation of the FAS pathway (reducing the consumption of the substrates for saturated fatty acid synthesis) and malic enzyme, leading to a decreased saturated fatty acid content. Conclusions These findings elucidate the detailed fatty acid synthesis pathway of Schizochytrium, revealing an underlying mechanism by which low temperatures promote the accumulation of DHA in Schizochytrium. The high-quality and nearly complete genome sequence of Schizochytrium provides a valuable reference for further investigation of the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesisand the evolutionary characteristics in Thraustochytriidae species.

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Section: Transcriptomic Profiling Under Cold Temperaturessupporting

confidence: 72%

The effects of low temperature on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism

Hu¹,

Clevenger²,

Zheng³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…d (p < 0.05 or 0.01), and the highest enduracidin production was achieved by Vc with the addition time at 4 d. However, addition of 130 mM Vc had a negative effect on enduracidin production at four different phases, indicating that high Vc concentration inhibited enduracidin accumulation in S. fungicidicus M30. Similar results have also been reported in previous studies[19,20]. The result indicates that the addition of 90 mM Vc can promote enduracidin accumulation in S. fungicidicus M30.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancement of Enduracidin Accumulation from Sweet Sorghum Juice via Alleviation of Oxidative Damage in Streptomyces Fungicidicus M30

Lü

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Sweet sorghum juice is the preferred feedstock for enduracidin production, but the fermentation efficiency still need to be further enhanced. Oxygen-mediated microbial cell damage is an effective way to boost cell growth and metabolite accumulation in aerobic fermentation. However, this strategy on enduracidin production from sweet sorghum juice has not been reported yet. Results: In this study, enduracidin production titer was significantly enhanced when 90 mM Vitamin C was added at 4 d of fermentation. The enhanced T-AOC and antioxidant enzyme activities may help to further understand the mechanism of Vitamin C effect on regulation of enduracidin accumulation in S. fungicidicus M30. The effects of chemical preservative methyl paraben on cell growth and enduracidin production were also evaluated, and 0.04 g/L of methyl paraben had no significant inhibitory effect on cell growth and enduracidin production, indicating that the concentrated sweet sorghum juice assisted by methyl paraben for a long-term storage can be used as the substrate for enduracidin production effectively. Finally, based on the group with 0.04 g/L of methyl paraben and 90 mM Vitamin C, a final enduracidin concentration of 1.14 g/L was achieved from clarificated sweet sorghum juice by M30 strain. Conclusions: This work provided a promising strategy to enhance enduracidin production using sweet sorghum juice via adding the antioxidant to boost antioxidant capacity in S. fungicidicus.

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“…SUN were achieved at 96 h of cultivation under light conditions (Sun et al 2017). Under sesamol supplementation, highest biomass (3.9 g/L), TFA (21% DCW), DHA (41.3% TFA) and DHA productivity (58 mg/L day) was attained in C. cohnii ATCC 30556 (Liu et al 2015). Pleissner and Eriksen (2012) reported highest biomass (2.1 g/L), TFA (111 mg/g) and DHA contents (36.2% TFA) in C. cohnii CCMP 316 when cultured on acetic acid as major carbon source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of studies were reported evaluating the effect of nutrients and factors such as glucose, carbon, culture temperature, salinity and light etc. for lipid production in C. cohnii (DeSwaaf et al 2003; Gong et al 2015; Liu et al 2015; Liu et al 2016a, b; Pleissner and Eriksen 2012; Ratledge et al 2001; Silva et al 2016; Sun et al 2017). In resent researches, the effect of N has been positively exploited in Monoraphidium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth kinetics, fatty acid composition and metabolic activity changes of Crypthecodinium cohnii under different nitrogen source and concentration

et al. 2017

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The effect of varying concentrations of the nitrogen source on the growth kinetics, lipid accumulation, lipid and DHA productivity, and fatty acid composition of C. cohnii was elucidated. Growth of C. cohnii was in three distinct growth stages: cell growth, lipid accumulation and a final lipid turnover stage. Most of lipids were accumulated in lipid accumulation stage (48–120 h) though, slow growth rate was observed during this stage. NaNO3 supported significantly higher lipid content (26.9% of DCW), DHA content (0.99 g/L) and DHA yield (44.2 mg/g glucose) which were 2.5 to 3.3-folds higher than other N-sources. The maximum level of C16–C18 content (% TFA) was calculated as 43, 54 and 43% in lipid accumulation stage under low nitrogen (LN, 0.2 g/L), medium nitrogen (MN, 0.8 g/L) and high nitrogen (HN, 1.6 g/L) treatments, respectively. Cultures with LN, by down-regulating cell metabolism, trigger onset of lipogenic enzymes. Conversely, NAD+/NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+/NADP+-ICDH) were less active in LN than HN treatments which resulted in retardation of Kreb’s Cycle and thereby divert citrate into cytoplasm as substrate for ATP-citrate lyase (ACL). Thereby, ACL and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were most active in lipid accumulation stage at LN treatments. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was more active than malic enzyme (ME) in lipid accumulation stage and showed higher activities in NaNO3 than other N-sources. This represents that G6PDH contributes more NADPH than ME in C. cohnii. However, G6PDH and ME together seems to play a dual role in offering NADPH for lipid biosynthesis. This concept of ME together with G6PD in offering NADPH for lipogenesis might be novel in this alga and needed to be explored.

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Sesamol Enhances Cell Growth and the Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii

Cited by 91 publications

References 36 publications

The effects of low temperature on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism

The effects of low temperature on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism

Enhancement of Enduracidin Accumulation from Sweet Sorghum Juice via Alleviation of Oxidative Damage in Streptomyces Fungicidicus M30

Growth kinetics, fatty acid composition and metabolic activity changes of Crypthecodinium cohnii under different nitrogen source and concentration

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