Setting the tone with the tune: A meta-analytic review of the effects of background music in retail settings

Garlin, Francine; Owen, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.01.013

Cited by 259 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Mozart stimuli were shown to have conflicting effects on spatial and spatial-temporal tasks, yielding both moderate effects (Hetland, 2000) and small effects (Pietschnig, Voracek, & Formann, 2010). Background music was shown to have no effect on behavior (Kampfe, Sedlmeier, & Renkewitz, 2010) and a small to moderate effect on arousal, shopping duration, and patronage (Garlin & Owen, 2006). Several researchers have conducted meta-analyses investigating the effects of music on spatial processes, including research that examined the Mozart Effect (Chabris, 1999;Hetland, 2000a;Pietschnig et al, 2010 (Garlin & Owen, 2006;Kampfe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Background music was shown to have no effect on behavior (Kampfe, Sedlmeier, & Renkewitz, 2010) and a small to moderate effect on arousal, shopping duration, and patronage (Garlin & Owen, 2006). Several researchers have conducted meta-analyses investigating the effects of music on spatial processes, including research that examined the Mozart Effect (Chabris, 1999;Hetland, 2000a;Pietschnig et al, 2010 (Garlin & Owen, 2006;Kampfe et al, 2010). Kampfe, Sedlmeier, and Renkewitz, (2010) investigated the effects of background music on adult listeners across two meta-analyses.…”

Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of instruction on the singing ability of children ages 5 to 11: A meta-analysis

Svec

2017

Psychology of Music

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reference list, 280 titles.The purpose of the meta-analysis was to address the varied and somewhat stratified study results within the area of singing ability and instruction by statistically summarizing the data of related studies. An analysis yielded a small overall mean effect size for instruction across 34 studies, 433 unique effects, and 5,497 participants ranging in age from 5-to 11-years old (g = 0.43). The largest overall study effect size across categorical variables included the effects of same and different discrimination techniques on mean score gains. The largest overall effect size across categorical moderator variables included research design: Pretest-posttest 1 group design.Overall mean effects by primary moderator variable ranged from trivial to moderate. Feedback yielded the largest effect regarding teaching condition, 8-year-old children yielded the largest effect regarding age, girls yielded the largest effect regarding gender, the Boardman assessment measure yielded the largest effect regarding measurement instrument, and song accuracy yielded the largest effect regarding measured task. Conclusions address implications for teaching, research pedagogy, and research practice within the field of music education.

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Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of instruction on the singing ability of children ages 5 to 11: A meta-analysis

Svec

2017

Psychology of Music

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“…A música dentro do ambiente pode reduzir, mesmo relativamente, emoções extremas, como ansiedade intensa (Garlin & Owen, 2006;Lee, Henderson, & Shum, 2004). No entanto, o ambiente interno percebido não leva diretamente as pessoas a comportarem-se de determinadas maneiras; percepções do ambiente conduzem a certas emoções, crenças e sensações fisiológicas que, por sua vez, influenciam comportamentos (Bitner, 1992).…”

Section: Aspectos Afetivos E a Música No Ambienteunclassified

“…Evidências baseadas nas pesquisas e nas práticas sugerem que as respostas afetivas e cognitivas dos clientes em relação às experiências no interior da loja influenciam as intenções ou a probabilidade de comportamentos que impactam diretamente os retornos financeiros de uma organização (Garlin & Owen, 2006 As publicações revisadas por esta pesquisa destacam as crenças implícitas dos gestores na capacidade da música ambiente em facilitar retornos superiores aos negócios (Areni, 2003;DeNora & Belcher, 2000). Vida, Obadia e Kunz (2007) relataram que a preferência (gosto) da música pelos compradores no ambiente natural de varejo e a música percebida ajustam-se positivamente com a imagem da empresa afetando o tempo de compras, o qual, por sua vez, influencia indiretamente as despesas dos consumidores.…”

Section: A Música E As Intenções De Comportamentounclassified

Efeitos da Música ao Vivo e Mecanizada em Ambientes de Varejo Supermercadista

Costa

Farias

2016

Rev. adm. contemp.

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Resumo Este artigo teve o objetivo de analisar o efeito da música ao vivo, comparada à música mecanizada, além da ausência de música, sobre o comportamento do consumidor em ambientes supermercadistas. Foram realizados dois experimentos de campo, em dois supermercados. Os resultados dos dois estudos mostram evidências empíricas de que a música ao vivo, comparada à música mecanizada (e à sua ausência), é capaz de influenciar os aspectos afetivos dos consumidores, levando os mesmos a avaliarem o ambiente de varejo de forma mais positiva, a apresentarem intenções de comportamento mais favoráveis, como recomendar a empresa para amigos, fazer comentários positivos, entre outros. Além disso, a música ao vivo mostra-se mais influente sobre o comportamento do consumidor quando estes estão menos concentrados com a atividade de compra.

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“…Music has been shown to be an effective means of influencing mood, behavior, and perception (Bruner, 1990). It is not only relatively easy to deploy and easy to control, but music has also been shown to positively impact a wide range of consumer responses in service settings (e.g., Garlin & Owen, 2006), and more specifically in restaurants (Caldwell & Hibbert, 2002;Milliman, 1986;North, Shilcock & Hargreaves, 2003), banks (Dubé, Chebat & Morin, 1995;North, Hargreaves & McKendrick, 2000), wine stores (Areni & Kim, 1993) and travel agencies (Bitner, 1990). However, in a simulated laboratory experiment, Cameron et al (2013) showed that background music (in high and low volume levels) elicited a negative impact on service evaluation and had no impact on perceived wait duration.…”

Section: Study 2: Musical Genrementioning

confidence: 99%

Waiting Experience in Railway Environments

Hagen¹,

Galetzka

Pruyn³

2014

jmep

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At railway stations, waiting time is usually an unavoidable aspect of the journey for train passengers. According to the attentional model of time, pleasant surroundings and other forms of distraction reduce perceived waiting time. Not every individual reacts identically in the same surroundings. Passengers in different states of mind enter the station every day. The authors propose that for recreational "lust" passengers, a stimulating environment initiates a more positive waiting time experience, whereas goal oriented "must" passengers respond more positively to a calming environment. A virtual railway station was developed to create a waiting environment in which the arousal level of environmental stimuli (stimulating or calming) was manipulated by the use of colored lighting (study 1) and background music (study 2) in an environment that varied in the degree of density. Results showed that at quiet low-density moments, passengers experienced greater pleasure when stimulating music was played, whereas at busy high-density moments it was the other way around (greater pleasure with calming music). Overall, "lust" passengers seemed more receptive to stimulating environments than "must" passengers. Pleasure increased and the waiting experience improved (with shorter time estimates). In line with reversal theory, the findings shed light on the relationship between environmental stimuli and waiting experience, including the differentiation between low-and high-density surroundings and motivational states of passengers. Designers of waiting environments might choose to design an environment that reverses negative emotions of boredom or stress to positive emotions of excitement and relaxation.Keywords: waiting experience, waiting environment, time perception, reversal theory, railway station Waiting time is an important part of the journey for train passengers but little is known about the waiting experience and how this is related to the waiting environment and time perception. The rail sector has long been measuring objective waiting times, but has never really gone into the question of the subjective waiting experience. Passengers generally dislike waiting and often overestimate how long they have actually been waiting. At the same time, travel and waiting time is a decisive factor in the choice of transportation. Research and investments in the railway sector have long been aimed at shortening the train journey, particularly with the optimization of the objective waiting and travelling time (Mackie, Fowkes, Wardman, Whelan & Bateson, 2001;Peek & Van Hagen, 2002;Wardman, 2004). These efforts are geared to Mark Van Hagen, Netherlands Railways, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Mirjam Galetzka, Behavioural Sciences, University of Twente; Ad Th. Pruyn, Behavioural Sciences, University of Twente.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mirjam Galetzka, Behavioural Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands, E-mail: m.galetzka@utwente.nl minimize the wait at the station...

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Setting the tone with the tune: A meta-analytic review of the effects of background music in retail settings

Cited by 259 publications

References 44 publications

The effects of instruction on the singing ability of children ages 5 to 11: A meta-analysis

The effects of instruction on the singing ability of children ages 5 to 11: A meta-analysis

Efeitos da Música ao Vivo e Mecanizada em Ambientes de Varejo Supermercadista

Waiting Experience in Railway Environments

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