Sex differences in learning abilities of albino rats.

Tomilin, M. I.; Stone, Calvin P.

doi:10.1037/h0072136

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Several studies have reported that male rats learn mazes faster than female rats (Hubbert, 1915;McNemar & Stone, 1932;Sadovnikova-Koltzbva, 1929;Tryon, 1931). Although Tomilin and Stone (1933), in a careful, well-controlled study, concluded no sex differences iri general learning ability in rats, they also reported that male rats, in each of two independent samples, did significantly better than females on an elevated maze. Only one study reports females to be superior to ittaies in maze learning (Corey,103d).…”

Section: Inhibitory Perceptual-restructuring Tasksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Roles of activation and inhibition in sex differences in cognitive abilities.

Broverman¹,

Klaiber²,

Kobayashi³

1968

Psychological Review

326

110

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A hypothesis that known sex differences in cognitive abilities reflect sex-related differences in physiology is offered. Females surpass males on simple, overleafried, perceptual-motor tasks; Wales excel oh mdre complex tasks requiring an inhibition of immediate responses to obvious stimulus attributes in favor of responses to less obvious stimulus attributes. It is hypothesized that these sex differences are reflections of differences in relationships between adrenergic activating and cholinergic inhibitory neural processes, which, in turn, are sensitive to the "sex" hbrmotles, androgens and estrogens. Studies Of the effects Of drug and hormone administration's oil these behaviors; dnd of sex hormones on adrenergic arid cholinergic neuro-transmitters are examined. Implications for cross-sectional correlative analyses of cognitive organization are discussed.

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Section: Inhibitory Perceptual-restructuring Tasksmentioning

confidence: 98%

Roles of activation and inhibition in sex differences in cognitive abilities.

Broverman¹,

Klaiber²,

Kobayashi³

1968

Psychological Review

326

110

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“…The diet of both groups consisted of a liberal offering of ground horse meat, wet mash made of the Steenbock mixture (8), Purina Dog ("how, and fresh oranges, carrots, and lettuce. Morton's salt cake was available in the cage.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hypophysectomy on behavior in rats: I. Preliminary survey.

Stone¹,

King²

1954

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Nest-building and maze learning in water mazes and elevated mazes of male rats hypophysectomized at 40 days of age was studied. The operated rats build superior nests in the temperature range from 48 to 64 degrees F. Operated rats were inferior to controls in the water mazes but not on the simple elevated maze. The operated animals inferiority is shown in greater fixation of erroneous responses. It is noted that hypophysectomized rats are "sufficiently active and hardy to undergo most of the laboratory tests ordinarily imposed on normal rats in studies of innate responses, drive, learning, discrimination, or the so-called higher levels of cerebral functioning."

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“…For details concerning the experimental methods we employed while collecting the data used in this study, the reader is referred to the writers' paper on sex difference in learning ability of albino rats (21). Although the raw data of that and the present study are one and the same, certain special features of the instruments and their uses must be set forth once more because specific knowledge of them will be useful in our later discussions.…”

Section: The Data Intercorrelatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The animals were taken from 34 litters of the inbred albino stock of the Stanford psychology laboratory. There were 68 males and 68 females, each male being paired with a litter-mate female as was required by the study of sex differences (21). All animals began training at the age of one-hundred days.…”

Section: Animals and Animal Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a means of focusing their attention on the business of learning to go from the start to the goal in a minimal amount of time and without unnecessary excursions from the nearest way, they received a prolonged period of preliminary training on 10-foot straightaways (alley and elevated), the importance of which is now well recognized (9,12,22,25). All animals were strongly motivated and the effectiveness of our program of food deprivation before trials and food-reward after trials is attested by the fact that every individual of the group made substantial progress toward mastery of the various problems during the trial series allowed (21).…”

Section: Animals and Animal Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercorrelations of measures of learning in the albino rat.

Tomilin¹,

Stone²

1934

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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A brief statement of the community of function between certain learning situations, as applied to rats in the Stanford psychology laboratory, is given in a recent paper by Commins, McNemar, and Stone (2). One of the chief contributions of that paper is the fact that a multiple-T alley maze and two diverse patterns of the Miles types of elevated maze (13) repeatedly yielded intercorrelations of approximately .6, whereas each of these instruments yielded only zero coefficients when correlated with a multiple light discrimination apparatus ( 19). The latter fact, confirming in part some unpublished data collected by Stone and Nyswander in 1927, in connection with their study of maze reliability (18), and likewise somewhat similar findings independently obtained by Williams (28), would seem to be a discovery of capital importance for students of individual differences in animals because it clearly establishes the fact that two fairly reliable instruments may have no community of function.We look upon this discovery as one of capital importance because now-a-days many problems in animal psychology are attacked by laboratorymethods masquerading under the same name, but differing from each other in many essential details. So long as this continues to be the case, and so long as we lack accurate information as to the community of function of these diverse techniques of experimentation, just so long shall we continue to grope in the dark while seeking plausible explanations of the divergent results obtained on fundamental problems. Naturally, with the mere demonstration of community of function or absence of the same in different experimental settings we should not stop experimentation, for this demonstration is merely a first step 73

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Sex differences in learning abilities of albino rats.

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Roles of activation and inhibition in sex differences in cognitive abilities.

Roles of activation and inhibition in sex differences in cognitive abilities.

Effects of hypophysectomy on behavior in rats: I. Preliminary survey.

Intercorrelations of measures of learning in the albino rat.

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