Sex differences in the response of total PYY and GLP-1 to moderate-intensity continuous and sprint interval cycling exercise

Abstract

These results suggest that total PYY and GLP-1 respond differently to exercise in males and females over 90 min following various exercise intensities. The observed post-exercise hormonal response would not be expected to create a compensatory increase in energy intake in females.

Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake and Appetite-Related Hormones: the Modulating Effect of Adiposity, Sex and Habitual Physical Activity

“…A single bout of vigorous-intensity exercise (70% VȮ2 peak) has been shown to elicit a similar transient suppression of appetite perceptions in both men and women but did not provoke any changes in ad libitum energy or macronutrient intakes on the day of exercise in either sex, despite males displaying greater absolute intakes [32,87]. intensity cycling (30 min, 65% VȮ2 peak) or sprint interval cycling (6  30 s 'all-out' sprints, 4 min recovery) [82]. This supports the findings of another study demonstrating equivalent appetite responses between the sexes after acute bouts of work-matched continuous moderate-intensity cycling (60% maximal attained power), high-intensity intermittent cycling (1 min at 100% maximal attained power, 1 min recovery) or all-out cycling sprints (60 x 8 s 'all-out sprints, 12 s recovery) [86].…”

“…Exercise-induced anorexia and transient changes in appetite-related hormones have also been demonstrated in response to exercise in women, with reductions in acylated ghrelin, and elevations in PYY and GLP-1 concentrations reported during and in the hours after exercise [32,82]. However, these findings are not universal with some studies suggesting that women do not demonstrate a suppression in appetite [61,83] or changes in appetite-related hormones including acylated ghrelin, PYY and GLP-1 [61,84,85] in response to acute exercise stimuli.…”

“…Direct comparisons of acute exercise-induced changes in appetite parameters between the sexes have been explored in five studies to date [32,82,[86][87][88]. An important control feature included in these studies was that female participants completed all trials in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle to minimise any potential confounding effects on the measured appetite parameters [32,82,[86][87][88].…”

“…An important control feature included in these studies was that female participants completed all trials in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle to minimise any potential confounding effects on the measured appetite parameters [32,82,[86][87][88]. A single bout of vigorous-intensity exercise (70% VȮ2 peak) has been shown to elicit a similar transient suppression of appetite perceptions in both men and women but did not provoke any changes in ad libitum energy or macronutrient intakes on the day of exercise in either sex, despite males displaying greater absolute intakes [32,87].…”

“…In addition to appetite and energy intake measures, many of these aforementioned studies examined potential sex-based differences in appetite-related hormone responses to exercise [32,82,[86][87][88]. Despite evidence of higher fasted concentrations of acylated ghrelin at baseline in women compared with men [30,32], the acute exercise-induced suppression in acylated ghrelin appears similar between the sexes [32,86,87].…”