Sex-specific role of Drosophila melanogaster HP1 in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription

Liu, Luping; Ni, Jian-Quan; Shi, Yandong; Oakeley, Edward J.; Sun, Fang-Lin

doi:10.1038/ng1662

Cited by 71 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…With the exception of the male-preferential CG17923, the fourth-linked genes examined are expressed at similar levels in males and females ( Figure S1). This conclusion is supported by published microarray studies of D. melanogaster male and female larvae and adults (Parisi et al 2003;Liu et al 2005).…”

Section: à16supporting

confidence: 76%

Coordinated Regulation of Heterochromatic Genes inDrosophila melanogasterMales

et al. 2009

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Dosage compensation modifies the chromatin of X-linked genes to assure equivalent expression in sexes with unequal X chromosome dosage. In Drosophila dosage compensation is achieved by increasing expression from the male X chromosome. The ribonucleoprotein dosage compensation complex (DCC) binds hundreds of sites along the X chromosome and modifies chromatin to facilitate transcription. Loss of roX RNA, an essential component of the DCC, reduces expression from X-linked genes. Surprisingly, loss of roX RNA also reduces expression from genes situated in proximal heterochromatin and on the small, heterochromatic fourth chromosome. Mutation of some, but not all, of the genes encoding DCC proteins produces a similar effect. Reduction of roX function suppresses position effect variegation (PEV), revealing functional alteration in heterochromatin. The effects of roX mutations on heterochromatic gene expression and PEV are limited to males. A sex-limited role for the roX RNAs in autosomal gene expression was unexpected. We propose that this reflects a difference in the heterochromatin of males and females, which serves to accommodate the heterochromatic Y chromosome present in the male nucleus. roX transcripts may thus participate in two distinct regulatory systems that have evolved in response to highly differentiated sex chromosomes: compensation of X-linked gene dosage and modulation of heterochromatin.

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Section: à16supporting

confidence: 76%

Coordinated Regulation of Heterochromatic Genes inDrosophila melanogasterMales

et al. 2009

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“…Taken together, differences of biological effect in HP1b among various cells may represent a specific role of HP1b associated with AR. Intriguingly, it was reported that in Drosophila, HP1 downregulation by RNA interference resulted in a preferential lethality of male flies, and HP1 bonded onto chromosomes more highly in males than in females and regulated more gene expression in males, suggesting that HP1 plays a sex-specific role (Liu et al 2005). Consistently, mutations in HP1-associated Su(var)3-7 and Su(var) 2-5 genes caused a bloating of the X chromosome in males (Spierer et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Human heterochromatin protein 1 isoform HP1β enhances androgen receptor activity and is implicated in prostate cancer growth

Shiota¹,

Song²,

Yokomizo³

et al. 2010

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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There are currently few successful therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is thought to result from augmented activation of the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway, which could be enhanced by AR cofactors. In this study, heterochromatin protein 1b (HP1b), but not HP1a or HP1g was found to be an AR cofactor. HP1b interacted with the AR, and enhanced the DNA-binding ability of AR to androgen-responsive element in the prostate-specific antigen enhancer and promoter regions, and to increase the transcription of AR target genes. In prostate cancer (PCa) tissues, HP1b expressions correlated with Gleason score and tri-methylation levels of histone H3 lysine 9. Silencing of HP1b suppressed the growth of AR-expressing PCa cells by inducing cell-cycle arrest at the G 1 phase, similar to inhibition of androgen/AR signaling. Furthermore, HP1b was overexpressed in castration-resistant LNCaP derivative CxR cells, and HP1b knockdown also suppressed the cell growth in CxR cells. These findings indicate that HP1b is involved in the proliferation of AR-expressing PCa cells and progression to CRPC as an AR coactivator. Modulation of HP1b expression or function might be a useful strategy for developing novel therapeutics for PCa, even in CRPC.

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“…1C) overlapping three genes: Spirit, CG12065, and HP1D2 (GD16106). The last one, a member of the HP1 gene family, is possibly involved in heterochromatin organization (15), and two members of this gene family have been shown to affect chromosome segregation (16,17). HP1D2 is predicted to encode a chromatin-interacting protein with an N-terminal chromo domain that enables interactions with histones and a C-terminal chromo shadow domain (CSD) mediating proteinprotein interactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

Helleu

Gérard

Dubruille

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Sex chromosome meiotic drive, the non-Mendelian transmission of sex chromosomes, is the expression of an intragenomic conflict that can have extreme evolutionary consequences. However, the molecular bases of such conflicts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a young and rapidly evolving X-linked heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene, HP1D2, plays a key role in the classical Paris sex-ratio (SR) meiotic drive occurring in Drosophila simulans. Driver HP1D2 alleles prevent the segregation of the Y chromatids during meiosis II, causing female-biased sex ratio in progeny. HP1D2 accumulates on the heterochromatic Y chromosome in male germ cells, strongly suggesting that it controls the segregation of sister chromatids through heterochromatin modification. We show that Paris SR drive is a consequence of dysfunctional HP1D2 alleles that fail to prepare the Y chromosome for meiosis, thus providing evidence that the rapid evolution of genes controlling the heterochromatin structure can be a significant source of intragenomic conflicts. meiotic drive | intragenomic conflict | heterochromatin | sex chromosomes

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Sex-specific role of Drosophila melanogaster HP1 in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription

Cited by 71 publications

References 29 publications

Coordinated Regulation of Heterochromatic Genes inDrosophila melanogasterMales

Coordinated Regulation of Heterochromatic Genes inDrosophila melanogasterMales

Human heterochromatin protein 1 isoform HP1β enhances androgen receptor activity and is implicated in prostate cancer growth

Rapid evolution of a Y-chromosome heterochromatin protein underlies sex chromosome meiotic drive

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