Sexual Dimorphism in Body Size and Form in Yellow Perch

Liang, Hongwei; Wang, Hanping; Meng, Yan; Yao, Hong; Shen, Zhigang; Zou, Guiwei

doi:10.1002/9781119127291.ch22

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These results suggested that HD not only affected growth itself, but also affected normal growth trajectory or body shape and wellbeing of fish, especially females, and SSD was more pronounced in the LD group. Liang et al [ 21 ] and Fontaine et al [ 22 ] also reported female yellow perch exhibit greater growth rate and larger size than males. Nevertheless, this study observed the growth rate of females between groups decreased significantly (P<0.05) with higher densities, as in MD and HD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fish exhibit sexual size dimorphism (SSD), which may be associated with sex steroids [ 15 – 17 ]. Growth is also affected by sexual dimorphism in many species such as sea bass [ 18 , 19 ], turbot [ 20 ], perch [ 21 , 22 ], and walleye [ 23 ] with females growing faster than males. Previous studies reported that sexual dimorphism in yellow perch appears at 11.0 cm [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, stress, and related gene expression in yellow perch

et al. 2022

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A 180-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, cortisol level, and stress related gene expression. Yellow perch, Perca flavescens, with initial mean body weight of 0.03 ± 0.001 g were reared in three different stocking densities: 1, 2, and 4 fish/L, termed as low (LD), moderate (MD), and high (HD) density, respectively, in a flow-through tank system. Results showed no significant differences in sex ratio in all density groups compared to normal population 1:1, and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) appeared when male and female were as small as the mean size reaching 11.5 cm and 12.3 cm in total length (TL) or 13.2g and 16.9g in body weight (BW), respectively. This female-biased sexual growth dimorphism was more pronounced in LD, although it was observed across all density groups. A significantly higher condition factor (K) of females than males in the LD group, and significantly higher R values of LD and MD than HD with the length/weight (L/W) linear relationships in females, were observed. Parallelly, fish reared in LD showed significantly higher mean body weight than those in the MD and HD groups, but there were no significant differences between the MD and HD. Similar results were also observed in all the other parameters of weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), condition factor (K), and survival. These findings suggested that high density not only affected growth itself, but also affected SSD, growth trajectory or body shape, and general wellbeing in fish, especially in females. There were no significant differences in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) among all the density groups; however, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of LD was significantly higher than MD and HD, suggesting high density affected liver reserves or functions. Physiologically, plasma cortisol level was significantly highest in the LD among all groups, followed by MD, and lowest in HD. At the molecular level, the expression of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes involved in cellular stress were significantly upregulated in the HD group. The most significantly downregulated expression of these genes was consistently observed in the MD when compared to the LD and HD groups. In conclusion, increasing density induced chronic stress in yellow perch without affecting sex differentiation, but negatively affected expression of stress-related genes and mobilization of liver reserve, resulting in poorer wellbeing and reduced SSD, growth, and survival.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of density on sex differentiation, sexual dimorphism, stress, and related gene expression in yellow perch

et al. 2022

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“…At this stage of ontogeny, yellow perch are known to use littoral and pelagic habitats within and across system types (Dembkowski et al., 2014; Krieger et al., 1983; Mrnak et al., 2021; Whiteside et al., 1985). Yellow perch growth is sexually dimorphic with females growing faster and achieving longer lengths than males (Liang et al., 2018). Whether habitat use of yellow perch is likewise sexually dimorphic is unknown to our knowledge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal habitat use of yellow perch Perca flavescens in a north‐temperate lake

Feucht,

Sikora,

Shay

et al. 2023

Aquaculture Fish & Fisheries

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Knowledge of species‐specific fish biology, ecology, and habitat use is critical for informing science‐based management. Yellow perch Perca flavescens are an ecologically and recreationally important fish species. Yet, for many north‐temperate systems (e.g. inland lakes of Wisconsin), little is known about yellow perch seasonal habitat use and ecology. We characterised yellow perch seasonal spatial distribution, size–structure, and condition between littoral and pelagic habitats in Crystal Lake (Vilas Co., WI) during the open water period of 2021. Seasonal spatial distribution and population size–structure were characterised by contemporaneous sampling in littoral and pelagic habitats using mini‐fyke nets and vertical gill nets, respectively. Relative abundance estimates for yellow perch in the littoral zone were greatest during early spring and declined throughout the open water season. Yellow perch pelagic relative abundance estimates were lowest in spring, peaked at the onset of stratification, and then declined and remained relatively consistent throughout the open water season. In general, yellow perch population size–structure and condition were greatest in the pelagic zone. Our findings suggest that after spring spawning, larger yellow perch prefer/select pelagic habitats, while sub‐adults and juveniles prefer/select littoral habitats, potentially resulting from increased predator refugia and(or) resource availability. Our results emphasise the importance of evaluating gear and fishery assessment bias, particularly when the target species may use a range of habitat types within a system.

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