Short Communication: In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

Marques, Sara; Silva, E.; Carvalheira, J.; Thompson, Gertrude

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72465-1

Cited by 63 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, the development of bovine udder infections induced by Prototheca pathogens is considered to be highly dependent on predisposing factors, i.e. unsuitable upkeep conditions and inappropriate hygiene of milking (8,9,11,12,21,23). Spontaneous recoveries have not been noted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Prototheca zopfii isolated from bovine mastitis

Wawron

Bochniarz

Piech

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility of algae of the genus Prototheca to antifungal and antibacterial antibiotics. The study involved 27 isolates of Prototheca zopfii obtained from milk of mastitis-affected cows kept in a detached cowshed in the North-Eastern part of Poland. Analysis of P. zopfii susceptibility has demonstrated low effectiveness of both antifungal and antibacterial antibiotics. All algae isolated from milk were resistant to clotrimazole, fluconazole, econazole, flucytosine, cefoperazone, cephalexin, enrofloxacin, lincomycin, and oxytetracycline (100% of resistant isolates), as well as miconazole (92.6% of resistant isolates). Nystatin, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B showed the highest activity amongst the antifungal antibiotics (88.9% and 0.0%, 51.9% and 22.2%, 0.0% and 48.1% of susceptible and intermediate susceptible isolates, respectively). In the group of antibacterial antibiotics, the high activity against P. zopfii was observed only in the case of gentamicin, kanamycin (96.3% and 92.6% of susceptible isolates, respectively), and polymyxin B (59.3% of susceptible and 33.3% of intermediate susceptible isolates).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…does not respond to the routine therapy of mastitis (9,15,16,21). The studies concerning in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of algae indicate their high resistance to antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics (4)(5)(6)11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Prototheca zopfii isolated from bovine mastitis

Wawron

Bochniarz

Piech

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy

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“…Bovine mastitis caused by P. zopfii has been extensively recognized as a considerable problem to the dairy industry worldwide (Castagna de Vargas et al 1998, Jensen et al 1998, Malinowski et al 2002, Buzzini et al 2004). The vast majority of the economic losses from protothecal mastitis are due to milk yield depression and premature culling of dairy cows, which, given the unresponsiveness of the algae to conventional therapy (Marques et al 2006, Lopes et al 2008, remains the only effective means of eliminating the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Polish Prototheca zopfii mastitis isolates and first isolation of Prototheca blaschkeae in Poland

Jagielski¹,

Lassa²,

Ahrholdt³

et al. 2010

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Bovine mastitits caused by the colorless, yeast-like alga Prototheca zopfii is a serious and complex condition that results in heavy economic losses in the dairy industry, both through a substantial reduction in milk production and culling of infected animals. Based on the 18S rDNA sequence analysis, genotype-specific PCR assays have recently been developed to differentiate within the species P. zopfii three distinct P. zopfii genotypes (1-3), of which P. zopfii genotype 3 has been considered a new species P. blaschkeae sp. nov. The purpose of this study was to employ the newly-devised molecular approach for the detection of the two P. zopfii genotypes and P. blaschkeae sp. nov. among bovine mastitis isolates from Poland. This study is the first to provide molecular characterization of Polish P. zopfii mastitis isolates. It also gives the first description of bovine mammary protothecosis due to P. blaschkeae in Poland, as evidenced by genotypical, microbiological, and electron microscopy findings.

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“…The genus Prototheca consists of microscopical, unicellular, achlorophyllic algae with asexual reproduction by autosporulation with variable numbers of autospores (5,10). These algae are ubiquitous and saprophytic, but some species may turn into unusual opportunists causing pathology when the host immunological defenses are impaired (16,18,21) or when predisposing factors occur, such as, in the case of dairy cows, poor animal care and poor milking hygiene (8,11,18). The incidence of bovine mastitis associated with Prototheca infections is steadily increasing and gaining more and more economic and public health importance (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Green algae of the genus Prototheca, and more rarely Chlorella, are the only known plant-like organisms that cause infectious diseases in humans and animals (6,(11)(12)(13). The genus Prototheca consists of microscopical, unicellular, achlorophyllic algae with asexual reproduction by autosporulation with variable numbers of autospores (5,10).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bovine Mastitis Associated with Prototheca blaschkeae

et al. 2008

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Bovine mastitis is an important and complex disease responsible for economic losses in the dairy industry. Biotype II strains of the green alga Prototheca zopfii can be involved, most often resulting in chronic mastitis of difficult treatment associated with reduced milk production. This type of infection is rare, but the number of reported cases is increasing worldwide. In order to determine the kind of species involved in mastitis by Prototheca in northwest Portugal, 41 Prototheca isolates were genetically characterized. The algae are part of Prototheca isolates that were collected during a 6-year period, isolated from the milk of 41 dairy cows in a total of 22 herds with a history of increasing somatic cell counts, mild clinical signs of udder infection, and unsuccessful response to the usual therapy. PCR amplification of the 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), amplified rDNA restriction analysis, and phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rDNA sequences were performed. Thirty-seven isolates were identified as P. zopfii var. hydrocarbonea and four as Prototheca blaschkeae. These data suggest a high incidence of P. zopfii var. hydrocarbonea mastitis in the region and demonstrate for the first time the involvement of P. blaschkeae with bovine mammary gland infections.

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Short Communication: In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii Isolated from Bovine Mastitis

Cited by 63 publications

References 13 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Prototheca zopfii isolated from bovine mastitis

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Prototheca zopfii isolated from bovine mastitis

Molecular characterization of Polish Prototheca zopfii mastitis isolates and first isolation of Prototheca blaschkeae in Poland

Bovine Mastitis Associated with Prototheca blaschkeae

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